Ch. 13 Reformation

Question 0

Thomas Moore

Answer 0

• Author of “Utopia”-explained a perfect world. Criticized corruption found in English and European society of 1516.
• devoted to the Catholic Church
• spoke out against Henry and Ann’s divorce and was executed.

Question 1

Desiderius Erasmus

Answer 1

• Dutch Christian humanist
• Pushed for the simplicity of the church and of religion but did not advocate a break with the Catholic Church.
• Reconstructed the first complete ancient Greek Bible ever (Septuagint)

Question 2

Martin Luther

Answer 2

• People are just justified by grace through faith.
• priesthood of all believers
• Sola scripture
• God is sovereign and mankind is depraved

Question 3

Joann (john) Tetzel

Answer 3

Ok

Question 4

95 Thesis

Answer 4

• 95 specific points he was horrified about indulgences

Question 5

The Diet of Worms

Answer 5

• Religious Council

* Charles V and other people explain their views on the Bible

Question 6

The Peasants War

Answer 6

• Peasants took Luther as their inspirational leader
• they misunderstood Luthers theological freedom as political freedom
• “everyone was the same in God’s eyes”

Question 7

Philip Melanchthon

Answer 7

• Chief, spokesman, theologian, and apologist working with Luther.
• A great follower of Lutheranism
• formulated Augsburg confession which spelled out what was in the Lutheran faith.

Question 8

Sacraments

Answer 8

• Baptism and Eucharist are the only real sacraments according to Luther.

Question 9

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 9

• Peace treaty ending this first round of war.

* The Holy Roman Emperor agreed to tolerate Lutheranism in Germany

Question 10

Ulrich Zwingli

Answer 10

• Was influenced heavily by Christian humanism

* preached very similar theology to Luther

Question 11

Marburg Colloquy

Answer 11

• Luther and Zwingli met and agreed on almost all theological issues
• Zwingli thought the Eucharist was a symbol of the body and blood of Christ nothing more
• Luther definitely believe the Eucharist was a sacrament

Question 12

John Calvin

Answer 12

• Formulated theological interpretations of the Bible "institute of Christianity"
His theology:
• absolute sovereignty of God
• we have a no right to be upset at God
•"The end of man is to glorify God"

Question 13

Anabaptists (Münster incident)

Answer 13

• Lutherans and Catholics found that the Anabaptists had been doing sexual debauchery, cannibalism, Etc.
• Anabaptist means baptized again

Question 14

Anabaptist theology

Answer 14

• Sola scriptura-anything not found in the Bible could not be followed
• Eschatology
• Humility and simpleness of the gospel
• Believers baptism and adult baptism
• Radical discipleship
• Imitation of Christ

Question 15

Menno Simons

Answer 15

• Descendent of Anabaptist

* followers became the Mennonites

Question 16

Act of Supremacy

Answer 16

• Made Henry the head of the English church

* Practice stayed very similar to Catholicism

Question 17

William Tyndale

Answer 17

• Translated the Bible from Greek into English
• talking about God “if we do what he says he will bless us and make us like a city on a hill if we turn our backs on God we will be cursed.”

Question 18

Edward VI

Answer 18

• Throne after Henry

Question 19

Thomas Cranmer

Answer 19

• Archbishop of Canterbury

* helped Edward rule

Question 20

Book of common prayer

Answer 20

• Parliament made this universal throughout England

Question 21

Mary Tudor (bloody Mary)

Answer 21

• Goal to recatholicize Spain

* eliminated the book of common prayer, act of supremacy and executed Thomas Cranmer.

Question 22

Ignatius of Loyola

Answer 22

• Became a monk
• monastic order-Jesuits Took a Bal of poverty and chastity and were completely devoted to battling against the forces of the re-formation
• “society of Jesus” aka “Jesuits”

Question 23

Council of Trent

Answer 23

• Series of church councils that dealt with problems in Christendom.
• allowed Inquisition
• Started “index of forbidden books”-List of all the books that a practicing Catholic was not allowed to read.
• People were executed
• Catholic faith and values were strengthened
• wanted to bring Protestants back to the church

Question 24

Catherine De’ medici

Answer 24

• Married Henry Valois

* ruled as regent during Charles IX reign

Question 25

Mary Stuart

Answer 25

• Was married to Francis II
• after he died married a Scottish noble man
• had a son but was implicated in the murder of her Scottish husband
• exiled to England (next in line for throne after Elizabeth tutor)
• executed for plots against the Queens life

Question 26

Huguenot’s and St. Bartholomew’s Day

Answer 26

• Huguenot’s were French Calvinists

* The massacre of as many Huguenots in Paris

Question 27

Henry IV

Answer 27

-Edict of Nantes
• Henry acknowledged Catholicism as the official religion of France.
(Huguenots we’re officially granted the right to worship in certain places)

Question 28

Philip II

Answer 28

• Was married 4 times
-problems during his reign
• inflation-Spanish government never profited
• spending on army
• spending on Navy
• piracy in the Americas

Question 29

Pacification of Ghent

Answer 29

• Treaty among the Dutch republics that unified the nation.

Question 30

Spanish Armada

Answer 30

•Spanish and English ship was destroyed, but entire fleet wiped out trying to get around Scotland to get home, fleet sunk.