Ch. 13 present subjunctive (congiuntivo)

Question 1

Subjunctive endings for regular, ‘ARE verbs

Answer 1

i iamo
i iate
i ino

General subjunctive note: Unlike other tenses, It is common to use the subject pronoun before the subjunctive. Example:

È necessario che tu studi –> It is necessary that you study.

Question 2

Subjunctive endings for regular, ‘IRE and ‘ERE verbs

Answer 2

a iamo
a iate
a ano

General subjunctive note: Unlike other tenses, It is common to use the subject pronoun before the subjunctive. Example:

È necessario che tu studi –> It is necessary that you study.

Question 3

Subjunctive conjugation of “dare”

Answer 3

dia diamo
dia diate
dia diano

Question 4

Subjunctive conjugation of “sapere”

Answer 4

sappia sappiamo
sappia sappiate
sappia sappiano

Question 5

Subjunctive conjugation of “giocare”

Answer 5

giochi giochiamo
giochi giochiate
giochi giochino

Note: verbs that end in “care” and “gare” add an “h” after the “c” or “g”. This is NOT considered it irregular. It is there to keep the hard sound. You can go to first person singular of the verb in present tense. For “giocare” it is “gioco”. In order for the subjunctive tenses to have the hard “ck” sound, you need to add an “h” before the “i” endings

Question 6

It is better that you call her. (plural you, via telephone)

Answer 6

È meglio che voi le telefoniate.

Question 7

They are likely to come with us. (lit. “It is probably that they will come with us”)

Answer 7

È probabile che loro vengano con noi.

Question 8

It is possible that he does not know the directions well.

Answer 8

È possibile che lui non sappia bene le direzioni.

Question 9

It is difficult for them to understand the lesson.

Answer 9

È difficile che loro capiscano* la lezione.

*I asked Serena why the infinitive is not used here. The reason is because there is a subject (loro). The impersonal expression “è difficile” requires subjunctive.

Question 10

I let them wait. (hint: 2 ways)

Answer 10

Lascio che aspettino.
Li lascio aspettare.

“lasciare”, “permettere”, “proibire”, and “ordinare” can be used in 2 ways:

1) present tense + che + subjunctive with object conjugation
2) object + present tense + (di) + infinitive (“aspettare” does not require “di”)

Question 11

I permit you to sleep here. (hint: 2 ways)

Answer 11

Permetto che tu dorma qui.
Ti permetto di dormire qui.

“lasciare”, “permettere”, “proibire”, and “ordinare” can be used in 2 ways:

1) present tense + che + subjunctive with object conjugation
2) object + present tense + (di) + infinitive

Question 12

I prohibit them from smoking in the house. (hint: 2 ways)

Answer 12

Proibisco che fumino in casa.
Gli* proibisco di fumare in casa.

“lasciare”, “permettere”, “proibire”, and “ordinare” can be used in 2 ways:

1) present tense + che + subjunctive with object conjugation
2) object + present tense + (di) + infinitive

*I always get tripped up on why this is “gli” and not “li”. It is because the direct object is “from smoking in the house”.

Question 13

I order that you eat everything. (hint: 2 ways)

Answer 13

Ti* ordino che tu mangi tutto.
Ti ordino di mangiare tutto.

*I asked Serena why there was an object before before “ordino” and not others with this 2-way construction (page 232). She said that it is because in this sentence, the into is to emphasizing the ordering. If you wanted to emphasize the verbs in the others, you could have done the same thing.

“lasciare”, “permettere”, “proibire”, and “ordinare” can be used in 2 ways:

1) present tense + che + subjunctive with object conjugation
2) object + present tense + (di) + infinitive

Question 14

She says that she likes to read.

Answer 14

Lei mi dice che le piace leggere.

(Because “dire” is used to relate to a FACT, subjunctive is NOT used).

Question 15

I tell her to stay in bed.

Answer 15

Le dico che stia a letto

(Because “dire” is used to GIVE AN ORDER, subjunctive is IS used).

Question 16

We don’t believe that you (plural) will come (arrive) soon.

Answer 16

Non crediamo che voi arriviate presto.

Question 17

Maria doubts that there is a lot of traffic today.

Answer 17

Maria dubita che ci sia molto traffico oggi.

Question 18

I suggest she call her sister.

Answer 18

Le* suggerisco che chiami sua sorella.

Serena said that in Italian it is more natural to say the equivalent of “I suggest to you” rather than “I suggest”. It is likely that other, similar verbs work the same way.

Question 19

The doctor doesn’t want me to do gymnastics.

Answer 19

Il dottore non vuole che io faccia ginnastica.

Question 20

I believe you (plural) can buy the house.

Answer 20

Io credo che voi possiate comprare la casa.

Question 21

I think my sister likes to travel.

Answer 21

Penso che a mia sorella piaccia viaggiare.

Question 22

She eats before studying.

Answer 22

Lei mangia prima di studiare.

Subjunctive is NOT used because there is only one subject. When the main and dependent clause have different subjects, subjunctive is used with the following conjunctions:

affinchè --> in order that
benchè --> although, even if
così che --> so that
dopo che --> after
finchè non --> until
fino a quando --> until
malgrado --> although, in spite of
nel caso che --> in case
prima che --> before
senza che --> without

Question 23

She easts lunch before he studies

Answer 23

Lei mangia il pranzo prima che lui studi.

Subjunctive IS used when the main and dependent clause have different subjects, subjunctive is used with the following conjunctions:

affinchè --> in order that
benchè --> although, even if
così che --> so that
dopo che --> after
finchè non --> until
fino a quando --> until
malgrado --> although, in spite of
nel caso che --> in case
prima che --> before
senza che --> without

Question 24

I will wait until she arrives

Answer 24

Io aspetto fino a quando lei arrivi.

Question 25

He works in order to eat

Answer 25

Lui lavora per mangiare.

If there is only 1 subject, an infinitive follows the preposition

Question 26

I will go out as long as I don’t have a cold.

Answer 26

Vado fuori purchè* non abbia il raffreddore.

*These 3 conjunctions require subjunctive after them EVEN IF THERE IS ONLY 1 SUBJECT

a meno che –> unless
allorchè –> when, if
purchè –> as long as

Question 27

I will go to walk if it does not rain.

Answer 27

Vado a camminare allorchè non piova*.

*These 3 conjunctions require subjunctive after them EVEN IF THERE IS ONLY 1 SUBJECT

Serena said that “allorchè” is rarely used. Would normally use “se”. If you use “se” subjunctive not used. This is just a construct to use “allorchè” because it is one of 3 conjunctions that follow this rule.

a meno che –> unless
allorchè –> when, if
purchè –> as long as

Question 28

I will call you unless the phone does not function.

Answer 28

Ti chiamo a meno che il telefono non funzioni*.

*These 3 conjunctions require subjunctive after them EVEN IF THERE IS ONLY 1 SUBJECT

a meno che –> unless
allorchè –> when, if
purchè –> as long as

Question 29

I am not going unless you come with me.

Answer 29

Io non vado a meno che tu venga con me.

Question 30

In spite of being cold, they go skiing. (lit. In spite of their being cold, the go skiing).

Answer 30

Malgrado loro abbiano freddo, vanno a sciare.*

*This is an interesting sentence. Most examples have the main clause first and the dependent clause second, so we see present, then subjunctive. This is the other way around (tipped off by “malgrado”) so subjunctive is the first verb tense used.

Question 31

I lend you (the) money so that you can by gifts for the children.

Answer 31

Ti impresto i soldi così che tu possa comprare i regali ai bambini.

Question 32

I will pick you up unless you want to go by yourself.

Answer 32

Ti vengo a prendere a meno che tu voglia andare da solo.

Question 33

I’m going to visit her without her inviting me.

Answer 33

Vado a visitarla senza che lei mi inviti.

Question 34

Do you know anyone who knows Italian.

Answer 34

Conosci qualcuno che sappia l’italiano.

Subjunctive is used in dependent clauses when the object or person in the main clause is indefinite or unknown.

Question 35

No matter how much she studies, she doesn’t get good grades.

Answer 35

Per quanto lei studi, non prende buoni voti.

Subjunctive is used after the expression “per quanto”

Question 36

Whatever you do, it is fine.

Answer 36

Qualunque cosa tu faccia, va bene.

(Subjunctive is used after compounds of “-unque”, e.g. “chiunque”–> whoever, “dovunque”–> wherever, “qualunque”–> whatever, “ovunque”–>anywhere/everywhere)

Question 37

Wherever you (plural) go, I urge you (ask you, beg you, hope you will) return soon.

Answer 37

Dovunque voi andiate vi prego di ritornare presto.

Question 38

I want you (lit. I desire you) to come to my house in a week.

Answer 38

Desidero che tu venga a casa mia fra/tra una settimana.

Question 39

I advise you to go to the dentist often.

Answer 39

Ti consiglio che tu vada dal dentista spesso.

Question 40

Mario hopes that you like Italian wine.

Answer 40

Mario spera che ti piaccia il vino italiano.

Question 41

We hope it will not snow on Saturday.

Answer 41

Speriamo che sabato non nevichi.

Question 42

Conjuntivo form of “dovere”

Answer 42

debba
debba
debba

dobbiamo
dobbiate
debbano

Question 43

Conjuntivo form of “dare”

Answer 43

dia
dia
dia

diamo
diate
diano

Question 44

Conjuntivo form of “volere”

Answer 44

voglia
voglia
voglia

vogliamo
vogliate
vogliano

Question 45

Conjuntivo form of “potere”

Answer 45

possa
possa
possa

possiamo
possiate
possano