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Biology 1201 > ch 13 meiosis and sexual life cycles exam 3 > Flashcards

ch 13 meiosis and sexual life cycles exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

genetics

A

scientific study of heredity and variation

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2
Q

heredity

A

the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

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3
Q

variation

A

differences in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings (how similar and different we look)

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4
Q

genes

A

the units of heredity and are made up of segments of DNA (DNA is stretched and all our codes and traits are our genes)

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5
Q

gametes

A

sperm and eggs in which genes are passed to the next generation via reproductive cells

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6
Q

somatic cells

A

all cells in the body except gametes and their precursors

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7
Q

locus

A

a gene’s specific position along a chromosome

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8
Q

asexual reproduction

A

a single individual passes all genes to offspring without the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg)

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9
Q

sexual reproduction

A

two parents giving unique combinations of genes to offspring

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10
Q

life cycle

A

generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism

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11
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes do human somatic cells have

A

23 pairs (one from mom and one from dad) but 46 total chromosomes

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12
Q

homologous chromosomes or homologs

A

two chromosomes in each pair are called homologous chromosomes or homologs and are the same length and shape and carry genes controlling the same inherited characters

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13
Q

diploid cell

A

has two sets of chromosomes (2n=46)

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14
Q

haploid cell

A

a gamete that contains a single set of chromosomes (n=23)

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15
Q

GO OVER 13.3

A

GO OVER 13.3

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16
Q

mutations

A

changes in an organism’s DNA and are the original sources of genetic diversity

17
Q

alleles

A

different versions of genes created by mutations. reshuffling of alleles during sexual reproduction produces genetic variation

18
Q

three mechanisms contribute to genetic variation

A

crossing over, independent assortment of chromosomes, and random fertilization

19
Q

independent assortment of chromosomes

A

homologous pair of chromosomes oriented randomly at metaphase I of meiosis

20
Q

random fertilization

A

adds to genetic variation bc any sperm can fuse with any ovum (unfertilized egg)

Biology 1201 (2 decks)

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