Ch. 13, Judgements and Reasoning

Question 1

Inductive reasoning

Answer 1

bottom up, starts with observation

Question 2

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 2

top down, starts with experimentation

Question 3

Availability heuristic

Answer 3

events that come easier to mind are judged as being more probable than events that are less easily recalled

Question 4

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 4

Likelihood that an instance is a member of a larger category depends on how well THAT instance resembled properties we typically associate with that category

Question 5

Conjunction rule

Answer 5

probability of two events cannot be higher than the probability of each of those event occurring on their own

Question 6

Myside bias vs confirmation bias

Answer 6

evaluate evidence in a way that is beneficial to our viewpoint
confirmation bias: looking for info that confirms your belief

Question 7

Backfire effect

Answer 7

individuals support for a particularly viewpoint could actually become stronger when faced with corrective facts opposing their viewpoint

Question 8

Permission schema

Answer 8

if a person satisfies being of a specific condition then they get to carry out a specific action

Question 9

Incidental emotions

Answer 9

emotions that are not caused by having to make a decision; can be related to a person’s general disposition

Question 10

Status Quo Bias

Answer 10

the tendency to do nothing when faced with making a decision

Question 11

Framing effect

Answer 11

decisions are influenced by how the choices are stated/framed