ch 13-16 Flashcards
adenosine
- blockade or receptors for this substance is responsible for caffeine’s stimulant effects
bupropion (zyban)
- drug inhibits DA and NE reuptake
- weak nAChR antagonist
- can treat tobacco dependence
caffeine
- stimulant drug found naturally in coffee and tea
- energy drinks and tablets
caffeine dependence syndrome
- chronic high dose caffeine
- caffeine craving, difficulty controlling caffeine consumption
- tolerance and withdrawal
- recognized in ICD-10 but not DSM-5
caffeine intoxication
- high dose caffeine use
- restlessness, insomnia, tachycardia, twitching, upset stomach
caffeine use disorder
- similar to caffeine dependence syndrome
- not officially recognized as a disorder
chlorogenic acids
- class of chemicals in coffee
- protective effect against development of type 2 diabetes among people drinking 3-4c of coffee/day
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- disorder of respiratory system
- shortness of breath, wheezing, chronic coughing, chest tightness
cotinine
principal product of nicotine metabolism by the liver
cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)
- specific type of cytochrome P450 that metabolizes nicotine into cotinine
deprivation reversal model
- theory that smoking is maintained by mood enhancement and increased concentration that occur when nicotine withdrawal symptoms are alleviated
developmental origins of health and disease
- characteristics of intrauterine envt (nutrient availability, presence of drugs, envtal toxins, infectious agents) determines vulnerability for developing chronic diseases in adulthood
dihydro-beta-erthroidine (DhβE)
- blocks high affinity nAChRs (receptors containing β2 and α4 subunits)
intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
- fetal growth is hampered
- baby is born underweight
mecamylamine (inversine)
- antagonist for nicotinic ACh receptors
methylxanthines
class of naturally occuring chemicals that include caffeine and theophylline
methyllycaconitine (MLA)
blocks low-affinity nAChRs consisting only of a7 subunits
nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
method to smoking by safer means of nicotine source, maintaining a level of nicotine in the body (reducing nicotine withdrawal)
nicotine ressource model
smoking is maintained due to positive effects of nicotine such as increased concentration and greater mood control
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)
family of ionotrophic receptors that are activated by ACh and selectively stimulated by nicotine
nitrosamines
class of toxic chemicals contained in tobacco cigarette smoke that involve carcinogenesis
osmotic minipump
device placed just under the skin of an animal that allows a drug to be administered continuously over set period
P2X receptors
ionotropic receptors for ATP
P2Y receptors
metabotropic receptors for ATP
pannexins
membrane channels through which ATP is released into extracellular fluid
pyrolysis
process of chemical decomposition caused by heating
tar
hydrocarbons created by the vaporization of nicotine in tobacco
theophylline
stimulant drug similar to caffeine that is found naturally in tea
varenicline
partial agonist drug at high affinity a4b2 nAChRs (treats tobacco dependence)
2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
arachnoid acid that functions as an endogenous ligand for brain cannabinoid receptors
∆-tetracannabinol (THC)
psychoactive chemical found in cannabis plants
amotivational syndrome
symptoms of cannabis use that relate to poor educational achievement and motivation
anandamide
chemical name for arachidonic acid derivatives (function as an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors)
arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA)
formal chemical name of anandamide
cannabidiol (CBD)
phytocannabinoid that lacks intoxicating and dependence producing effects of THC
cannabinoid receptor
receptors concentrated in basal ganglia, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex
CB1
cannabinoid receptor of the metabotropic receptor family in the CNS
CB2
cannabinoid receptor located primarily in the immune system