Ch. 13-14 Flashcards
Monastery
religious communities
secular
activities that have no religious/spiritual basis (worldly: Santa, easter bunny)
MIddle Ages
medieval period: 500-1500 A.D.
Franks
a member of the ancient Germanic tribes
Carolingian Dynasty
a family that ruled the Franks: 751-987
Charlemagne
an emperor who founded the Carolingian Dynasty;
was 6’4’’
Lord
landowner
serf
a laborer under the feudal system who worked on the lord’s estate
fief
person who granted land
vassal
person receiving land
knight
a person who served their lord as a mounted soldier in armor
manor
lord’s estate/district
tithe
church tax
chivalry
complex set of ideals:
- earthly feudal lord
- heavenly lord
- chosen lady
tournament
a sporting event in which two knights on horses tries to knock each other off for a prize
troubadour
poet-musicians that plays at castles/courts
clergy
pope, bishops, priests
sacrament
important religious ceremonies
canon law
marriage/religious practice
lay investiture
ceremony where kings/nobles appoints church officials
Holy Roman Empire
an empire set up in western Europe with Charlemagne as emperor in year 800
was created by the medieval papacy to unite Christendom under one rule
simony
bishops selling positions in the Church
Gothic
style of architecture (large windows, high arches, elaborate tracery)
Urban III
a pope
Crusade
holy war
Saladin
Kurdish warrior, Muslim leader
Richard the Lion-Hearted
brilliant warrior and king of England in 1189
Reconquista
Spanish driving out Muslims (moors) out of Spain
Inquisition
a court (held by Church) suppressing heresy
three-field system
farmers could grow crops on 2/3 of their land instead of half
guild
an organization of individuals in the same job improving economic/social condition of its members
burgher
a citizen of a town/city typically a member of the wealthy middle class
vernacular
the language spoken by the ordinary people in a particular region
scholastics
- schoolmen
- teachings of law and gov’t.
- develop institutions/traditions
commercial Revolution
a period of European economic expansion of trade/businesses
Thomas Aquinas
argued basic religious truths could be proved logical argument
wrote “Summa Theologicae”
common law
a unified body of law
parliament
legislative group
William the Conqueror
duke of Normandy, France
invaded England
Henry II
English king and married Eleanor of Aquitaine
Magna Carta
a charter that guaranteed certain basic political rights
Hugh Capet
an undistinguished duke from middle of France
Phillip II
became king at 15 years old, crafty and unprincipled
greatly increased French’s territory
established bailiffs (able to collect king’s taxes)
Estates-General
advice representatives of all 3 classes of French society: clergy, nobles, townspeople
Bubonic Plaque
deadly disease
Avignon
a city in France
Great Schism
division (2 popes split the Church)
John Wycliffe
an English theologian who objected the Roman Catholic doctrine
Jan Hus
a professor in Bohemia
Hundred Years’ War
French and English war: 1337-1453
Joan of Arc
French peasant girl and led French army to victory
burned at the stake for having visions
