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patient care > ch 13,14, & 15 > Flashcards

ch 13,14, & 15 Flashcards

1
Q

the foundation on which the body rests

A

base of support

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2
Q

branch of physics that applies the laws of mechanics to living creatures, looks at action of forces on bodies at rest or motion

A

biomechanics

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3
Q

wider or farther apart the feet

A

wider base of support/ stable body

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4
Q

standing on one foot or tiptoe

A

narrow base of support / unstable body

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5
Q

hypothetical point at which all the mass appears to be concentrated , gravitational forces appear to act on the entire body from this specific point

A

center of gravity

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6
Q

humans center of gravity

A

sacral level two - slightly varies between males and females

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7
Q

heavy objects should be held ___ to the movers center of gravity

A

close

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8
Q

when the center of gravity moves beyond the boundaries of the base

A

instability

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9
Q

found in the limbs, have long white tendons

A

mobility muscles

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10
Q

found in the torso (latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis) , provide abdomen support

A

stability muscles

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11
Q

muscle used for lifting

A

white mobility

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12
Q

muscles for support

A

postural

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13
Q

lift by bending or straightening

A

knees

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14
Q

BP drops when a patient stands to quickly or from lying to sitting position to quickly

A

orthostatic hypotension

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15
Q

center over gravity is over

A

base of stability

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16
Q

symptoms of orthostatic hypotension

A

dizziness , fainting, blurred vision, slurred speech, ringing in ears

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17
Q

types of wheelchair transfers

A

stand by assist, assisted standing pivot, two person lift, hydraulic lift

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18
Q

1st step in assessing your patient

A

determine patients strong/ weak side or both are equal

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19
Q

2nd step in assessing your patient

A

check for weight bearing restrictions, weakness, fall precautions, cognitive impairment

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20
Q

simple restraints

A

sponges / sandbags

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21
Q

complex restraints

A

mummy wrap , back board

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22
Q

builds harmony and accord between patients and / or physicians

A

rapport

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23
Q

respect and concern for the patient as a person

A

empathy

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24
Q

most effective means of reducing motion

A

communication

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25
most common method of reducing patient motion, support patient and anatomy , reduces physical strain
positioning sponges
26
upright bucky bar for lateral chest , puts patient in position and provides stability
stability bar
27
used to help immobilize during difficult positions or where patient has to hold an extreme position, can be wrapped over patient to hold them in position
velcro straps
28
useful for positioning & immobilization , reduces voluntary motion , NOT radiolucent, cannot be used if they are within area of interest
sandbags
29
attached to table, used for positioning of the skull, not seen in practice for years
head clamps
30
most effective and simple restraint
sheet restraints
31
2 common upright restraints for peds
pigg O stat & pedia-powser pediatric positioning chair
32
greatest concern for geriatric patients
fear of falling
33
fowlers positioning
head above feet
34
what transfers can be used to move a patient from a wheelchair to an examination table
pivot, assisted standing, standby assist
35
toward which side should all transfers be initiated
patients strong side
36
if a patient arrives in a wheelchair and on a sling which type of transfer is indicated
hydraulic lift
37
how to increase base of support
standing with the legs apart
38
minimum # of people for a cart to table transfer when no moving devices are available
3
39
the pigg o stat is used for what examination
chest
40
an example of a spinal trauma immobilization device
backboard
41
most commonly used immobilization device
positioning sponge
42
key component to effective communication with a patient is
giving a detailed technical explanation of the examination
43
voluntary motion is under the control of the
patient
44
items clipped, fastened, or affixed to patients’ bodies to deliver substances, such as oxygen & medications
commonly attached medical equipment
45
biceps femoris, biceps brachii & gastrocnemius
mobility muscles
46
latissimus dorsi, abdominal group, erector spinae (red muscles)
stability muscles
47
body’s feedback loops are predominantly
negative loops
48
the patients “steady state” maintained by adaptive responses that primate healthy survival
patient homeostasis
49
mechanisms for homeostasis
blood pressure heartbeat body temperature respiratory rate electrolyte balance
50
5 routes for body temp
oral axillary tympanic temporal rectal - most accurate
51
noninvasive , objective data that reflect the patients immediate condition
vital signs
52
normal body temp
97.7-99.5 degrees fahrenheit
53
normal pulse for child
70-120 BPM
54
normal pulse for an adult
60-100 BPM
55
systolic blood pressure is
<120mm Hg
56
diastolic blood pressure is
<80mm Hg
57
term used to describe the body’s maintenance of heat production & loss
thermoregulation
58
normal respirations for an adult
12-20
59
normal respirations for a child
20-30
60
preferred route for temperature measurement
temporal
61
temperature below normal 97.7 degrees fahrenheit
hypothermia
62
oral temperature higher than 99.5
hyperthermia
63
assessment of heart as reflected in arterial walls throughout the body
pulse
64
ongoing assessment of hemoglobin O2 saturation of arterial blood and pulse rate
pulse oximeter
65
uses electrodes to monitor heart rate & rhythm/ monitors electrical activity of the heart and transforms that activity to pulse rate values and waveforms
electrocardiogram / EKG
66
heart rate greater than 100bpm
tachycardia
67
decrease in heart rate
bradycardia
68
during inspiration the diaphragm muscles move
downward
69
measured as number of breaths per minute
respirations
70
amount of air exchanged under normal conditions
tidal volume
71
when respiratory rate is greater than 20 breathes per min
tachypnea
72
decrease is respiratory rate
bradypnea
73
absence of spontaneous ventilation
apnea
74
difficult breathing unless sitting or standing erect
orthopnea
75
difficulty breathing
dyspnea
76
two pieces of equipment to take a blood pressure measurement
stethoscope & sphygmomanometer
77
BP is typically measured over which artery
brachial
78
release air in cuff until pressure in cuff matches
systolic pressure
79
blood pressure is measured in
millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
80
normal BP in a healthy person
systolic/diastolic - 120/80
81
hypotension BP
below normal - less than 95/60 generally desired unless accompanied by clinical symptoms
82
hypertension BP
above normal - 140/90 increased workload in heart “silent killer”
83
the primary clinical indications for oxygen administration are to correct
hypoxemia & possible tissue hypoxia

patient care (3 decks)

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