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patient care > ch 13,14, & 15 > Flashcards

ch 13,14, & 15 Flashcards

1
Q

the foundation on which the body rests

A

base of support

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2
Q

branch of physics that applies the laws of mechanics to living creatures, looks at action of forces on bodies at rest or motion

A

biomechanics

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3
Q

wider or farther apart the feet

A

wider base of support/ stable body

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4
Q

standing on one foot or tiptoe

A

narrow base of support / unstable body

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5
Q

hypothetical point at which all the mass appears to be concentrated , gravitational forces appear to act on the entire body from this specific point

A

center of gravity

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6
Q

humans center of gravity

A

sacral level two - slightly varies between males and females

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7
Q

heavy objects should be held ___ to the movers center of gravity

A

close

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8
Q

when the center of gravity moves beyond the boundaries of the base

A

instability

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9
Q

found in the limbs, have long white tendons

A

mobility muscles

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10
Q

found in the torso (latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis) , provide abdomen support

A

stability muscles

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11
Q

muscle used for lifting

A

white mobility

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12
Q

muscles for support

A

postural

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13
Q

lift by bending or straightening

A

knees

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14
Q

BP drops when a patient stands to quickly or from lying to sitting position to quickly

A

orthostatic hypotension

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15
Q

center over gravity is over

A

base of stability

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16
Q

symptoms of orthostatic hypotension

A

dizziness , fainting, blurred vision, slurred speech, ringing in ears

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17
Q

types of wheelchair transfers

A

stand by assist, assisted standing pivot, two person lift, hydraulic lift

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18
Q

1st step in assessing your patient

A

determine patients strong/ weak side or both are equal

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19
Q

2nd step in assessing your patient

A

check for weight bearing restrictions, weakness, fall precautions, cognitive impairment

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20
Q

simple restraints

A

sponges / sandbags

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21
Q

complex restraints

A

mummy wrap , back board

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22
Q

builds harmony and accord between patients and / or physicians

A

rapport

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23
Q

respect and concern for the patient as a person

A

empathy

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24
Q

most effective means of reducing motion

A

communication

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25
Q

most common method of reducing patient motion, support patient and anatomy , reduces physical strain

A

positioning sponges

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26
Q

upright bucky bar for lateral chest , puts patient in position and provides stability

A

stability bar

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27
Q

used to help immobilize during difficult positions or where patient has to hold an extreme position, can be wrapped over patient to hold them in position

A

velcro straps

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28
Q

useful for positioning & immobilization , reduces voluntary motion , NOT radiolucent, cannot be used if they are within area of interest

A

sandbags

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29
Q

attached to table, used for positioning of the skull, not seen in practice for years

A

head clamps

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30
Q

most effective and simple restraint

A

sheet restraints

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31
Q

2 common upright restraints for peds

A

pigg O stat & pedia-powser pediatric positioning chair

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32
Q

greatest concern for geriatric patients

A

fear of falling

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33
Q

fowlers positioning

A

head above feet

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34
Q

what transfers can be used to move a patient from a wheelchair to an examination table

A

pivot, assisted standing, standby assist

35
Q

toward which side should all transfers be initiated

A

patients strong side

36
Q

if a patient arrives in a wheelchair and on a sling which type of transfer is indicated

A

hydraulic lift

37
Q

how to increase base of support

A

standing with the legs apart

38
Q

minimum # of people for a cart to table transfer when no moving devices are available

A

3

39
Q

the pigg o stat is used for what examination

A

chest

40
Q

an example of a spinal trauma immobilization device

A

backboard

41
Q

most commonly used immobilization device

A

positioning sponge

42
Q

key component to effective communication with a patient is

A

giving a detailed technical explanation of the examination

43
Q

voluntary motion is under the control of the

A

patient

44
Q

items clipped, fastened, or affixed to patients’ bodies to deliver substances, such as oxygen & medications

A

commonly attached medical equipment

45
Q

biceps femoris, biceps brachii & gastrocnemius

A

mobility muscles

46
Q

latissimus dorsi, abdominal group, erector spinae (red muscles)

A

stability muscles

47
Q

body’s feedback loops are predominantly

A

negative loops

48
Q

the patients “steady state” maintained by adaptive responses that primate healthy survival

A

patient homeostasis

49
Q

mechanisms for homeostasis

A

blood pressure
heartbeat
body temperature
respiratory rate
electrolyte balance

50
Q

5 routes for body temp

A

oral
axillary
tympanic
temporal
rectal - most accurate

51
Q

noninvasive , objective data that reflect the patients immediate condition

A

vital signs

52
Q

normal body temp

A

97.7-99.5 degrees fahrenheit

53
Q

normal pulse for child

A

70-120 BPM

54
Q

normal pulse for an adult

A

60-100 BPM

55
Q

systolic blood pressure is

A

<120mm Hg

56
Q

diastolic blood pressure is

A

<80mm Hg

57
Q

term used to describe the body’s maintenance of heat production & loss

A

thermoregulation

58
Q

normal respirations for an adult

A

12-20

59
Q

normal respirations for a child

A

20-30

60
Q

preferred route for temperature measurement

A

temporal

61
Q

temperature below normal 97.7 degrees fahrenheit

A

hypothermia

62
Q

oral temperature higher than 99.5

A

hyperthermia

63
Q

assessment of heart as reflected in arterial walls throughout the body

A

pulse

64
Q

ongoing assessment of hemoglobin O2 saturation of arterial blood and pulse rate

A

pulse oximeter

65
Q

uses electrodes to monitor heart rate & rhythm/ monitors electrical activity of the heart and transforms that activity to pulse rate values and waveforms

A

electrocardiogram / EKG

66
Q

heart rate greater than 100bpm

A

tachycardia

67
Q

decrease in heart rate

A

bradycardia

68
Q

during inspiration the diaphragm muscles move

A

downward

69
Q

measured as number of breaths per minute

A

respirations

70
Q

amount of air exchanged under normal conditions

A

tidal volume

71
Q

when respiratory rate is greater than 20 breathes per min

A

tachypnea

72
Q

decrease is respiratory rate

A

bradypnea

73
Q

absence of spontaneous ventilation

A

apnea

74
Q

difficult breathing unless sitting or standing erect

A

orthopnea

75
Q

difficulty breathing

A

dyspnea

76
Q

two pieces of equipment to take a blood pressure measurement

A

stethoscope & sphygmomanometer

77
Q

BP is typically measured over which artery

A

brachial

78
Q

release air in cuff until pressure in cuff matches

A

systolic pressure

79
Q

blood pressure is measured in

A

millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)

80
Q

normal BP in a healthy person

A

systolic/diastolic - 120/80

81
Q

hypotension BP

A

below normal - less than 95/60
generally desired unless accompanied by clinical symptoms

82
Q

hypertension BP

A

above normal - 140/90
increased workload in heart “silent killer”

83
Q

the primary clinical indications for oxygen administration are to correct

A

hypoxemia & possible tissue hypoxia

patient care (3 decks)

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