17 & 18 Flashcards
any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, organ, or system of body
caused by microbes
disease
establishment and growth of a microorganism on or in a host, resulting in injury to the host
caused by pathogenic organisms
infection
people who carry bacteria without evidence of infection are
colonized
types of pathogens
bacteria
viruses
fungi
parasitic protozoa
lack nuclei and membrane bound organelles
prokaryotes
staying technique to classify bacteria
gram staining
microscopic single called organisms
contains both DNA & RNA
produces endospores
bacteria
microscopic, single cell. Cannot live outside a living cell, not affected by antibiotics
viruses
size of virus may vary from __ to ___ nm
20-250
direct observation of a virus is possible only through an
electron microscope
eukaryotic (has nucleus and membrane bound organelles) , much larger than bacteria
fungi
two forms of fungi
yeast and molds
medically important fungi are called
dimorphic
organisms are neither plant nor animal , larger than bacteria, classified by their motility
parasitic protozoa
establishment of infectious disease
encounter
entry
spread
multiplication
damage
outcome
the growth in microbe numbers as a function of mitosis
multiplication
disease results in any three outcomes -
host gains control & eliminates it
infectious agent overcomes host
host and infectious agent compromise
routes for disease transmission
air
droplet
contact
infection acquired by a person before he or she enters a health care facility
community acquired infection
blood borne pathogens
HIV
HBV
disease causing microorganisms present in human blood, considered nosocomial
blood borne pathogens
human immunodeficiency virus
HIV
hepatitis B virus
HBV
may be asymptomatic after exposure to HIV for as long as
10 years
may take up to _____ for results of blood test to become positive for HIV antibodies
1 year
primarily affects liver , resulting in swelling, soreness, and loss of normal function of liver
HBV
internal mechanisms of the body
mechanical barriers
chemical processes
cellular processes
external mechanisms of the body
hand washing
immunizations
chemotherapeutic agents
practice ____ in medical imaging
biosafety
two classes of asepsis
surgical & medical
the removal of or destruction of infected material
medical asepsis
protection against infection before during and after a surgical procedure by using sterile techniques
surgical asepsis
microorganism free area that can receive sterile supplies
sterile field
first step in using a sterile drape
confirming the package is sterile
what is considered unsterile
appears previously opened or expiration date has passed
microorganism free area with clean and dry materials only, can receive sterile supplies
sterile field
a sterile field is established using a
sterile drape
how do you drop sterile contents onto the the sterile field
about 6 inches above the field and at a slight angle
how to pour sterile fluids into the basin
at edge of the field about 1-2 inches above container
two basic methods of surgical scrubbing
numbered strokes & timed method
who is responsible for ordering dressing changes and reapplication
the physician
an operation performed under sterile technique that involves incising the skin over the trachea and then making a surgical incision in the trachea
- provides for an airway during upper airway obstruction
tracheostomy
also known as thoracostomy tubes
chest tubes
insertion sites for thoracostomy vary, usually inserted in
5th to 6th intercostal space
** can be as high at 4th or as low as 8th
exterior assembly of the chest tube must always remain ____ than patients chest
lower than
for a chest tube you should report drainage in excess of
100 mL/ hour and changes from serous fluid to a dark red color
two main types of urinary catheters
retention balloon (Foley)
straight type
catheter placement
tip of catheter in urinary bladder cavity
catheter tubing taped to inside of leg
electromechanical devices inserted under the patients skin to regulate the heart rate
permanent pacemakers
maintaining a sterile field with C arm methods
snap cover bag over image receptor
shower curtain drape
barrier over surgery site during imaging - less common
