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patient care > 17 & 18 > Flashcards

17 & 18 Flashcards

1
Q

any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, organ, or system of body
caused by microbes

A

disease

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2
Q

establishment and growth of a microorganism on or in a host, resulting in injury to the host
caused by pathogenic organisms

A

infection

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3
Q

people who carry bacteria without evidence of infection are

A

colonized

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4
Q

types of pathogens

A

bacteria
viruses
fungi
parasitic protozoa

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5
Q

lack nuclei and membrane bound organelles

A

prokaryotes

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6
Q

staying technique to classify bacteria

A

gram staining

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7
Q

microscopic single called organisms
contains both DNA & RNA
produces endospores

A

bacteria

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8
Q

microscopic, single cell. Cannot live outside a living cell, not affected by antibiotics

A

viruses

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9
Q

size of virus may vary from __ to ___ nm

A

20-250

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10
Q

direct observation of a virus is possible only through an

A

electron microscope

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11
Q

eukaryotic (has nucleus and membrane bound organelles) , much larger than bacteria

A

fungi

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12
Q

two forms of fungi

A

yeast and molds

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13
Q

medically important fungi are called

A

dimorphic

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14
Q

organisms are neither plant nor animal , larger than bacteria, classified by their motility

A

parasitic protozoa

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15
Q

establishment of infectious disease

A

encounter
entry
spread
multiplication
damage
outcome

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16
Q

the growth in microbe numbers as a function of mitosis

A

multiplication

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17
Q

disease results in any three outcomes -

A

host gains control & eliminates it
infectious agent overcomes host
host and infectious agent compromise

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18
Q

routes for disease transmission

A

air
droplet
contact

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19
Q

infection acquired by a person before he or she enters a health care facility

A

community acquired infection

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20
Q

blood borne pathogens

A

HIV
HBV

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21
Q

disease causing microorganisms present in human blood, considered nosocomial

A

blood borne pathogens

22
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

HIV

23
Q

hepatitis B virus

A

HBV

24
Q

may be asymptomatic after exposure to HIV for as long as

A

10 years

25
Q

may take up to _____ for results of blood test to become positive for HIV antibodies

A

1 year

26
Q

primarily affects liver , resulting in swelling, soreness, and loss of normal function of liver

A

HBV

27
Q

internal mechanisms of the body

A

mechanical barriers
chemical processes
cellular processes

28
Q

external mechanisms of the body

A

hand washing
immunizations
chemotherapeutic agents

29
Q

practice ____ in medical imaging

A

biosafety

30
Q

two classes of asepsis

A

surgical & medical

31
Q

the removal of or destruction of infected material

A

medical asepsis

32
Q

protection against infection before during and after a surgical procedure by using sterile techniques

A

surgical asepsis

33
Q

microorganism free area that can receive sterile supplies

A

sterile field

34
Q

first step in using a sterile drape

A

confirming the package is sterile

35
Q

what is considered unsterile

A

appears previously opened or expiration date has passed

36
Q

microorganism free area with clean and dry materials only, can receive sterile supplies

A

sterile field

37
Q

a sterile field is established using a

A

sterile drape

38
Q

how do you drop sterile contents onto the the sterile field

A

about 6 inches above the field and at a slight angle

39
Q

how to pour sterile fluids into the basin

A

at edge of the field about 1-2 inches above container

40
Q

two basic methods of surgical scrubbing

A

numbered strokes & timed method

41
Q

who is responsible for ordering dressing changes and reapplication

A

the physician

42
Q

an operation performed under sterile technique that involves incising the skin over the trachea and then making a surgical incision in the trachea
- provides for an airway during upper airway obstruction

A

tracheostomy

43
Q

also known as thoracostomy tubes

A

chest tubes

44
Q

insertion sites for thoracostomy vary, usually inserted in

A

5th to 6th intercostal space
** can be as high at 4th or as low as 8th

45
Q

exterior assembly of the chest tube must always remain ____ than patients chest

A

lower than

46
Q

for a chest tube you should report drainage in excess of

A

100 mL/ hour and changes from serous fluid to a dark red color

47
Q

two main types of urinary catheters

A

retention balloon (Foley)
straight type

48
Q

catheter placement

A

tip of catheter in urinary bladder cavity
catheter tubing taped to inside of leg

49
Q

electromechanical devices inserted under the patients skin to regulate the heart rate

A

permanent pacemakers

50
Q

maintaining a sterile field with C arm methods

A

snap cover bag over image receptor
shower curtain drape
barrier over surgery site during imaging - less common

patient care (3 decks)

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