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Skin > Ch 12- Skin Analysis > Flashcards

Ch 12- Skin Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

Contraindications

A

Factors that prohibit a treatment due to a condition.

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2
Q

Skin types

A

The classification that describes a person’s genetic skin type. Oily, dry, combination, normal.

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3
Q

T-zone

A

Center area of the face, corresponding to the “T” shape formed by the forehead, nose and chin. How large the pores are in the T-zone and the face can help determine the skin type.

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4
Q

Alipidic

A

Skin that lacks oil (lipids).

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5
Q

Dry skin

A

Skin does not produce enough oil. Follicles are usually small. Needs extra care b/c lacks normal protection. More sensitive, not as healthy b/c lack of lipids. Skin texture-rough and tight. Stimulating oil production and protecting surface is the goal.

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6
Q

Occlusive

A

Products that are thick and lay on top of the skin to reduce TEWL. Help hold in moisture and protect the skin’s top barrier layer, which combats dryness.

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7
Q

TEWL

A

Transepidermal water loss

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8
Q

Dehydration

A

Lack of water. A condition that can be seen with all skin types. Dehydrated skin lacks water. Different from skin that lacks oil. Thin or flaky, can feel tight and dry. Can be caused by internal/external factors such as medications, coffee, alcohol, sun, over-exfoliation, harsh products. Drink water and hydrate the skin with moisturizers.

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9
Q

Normal skin

A

Good oil-water balance. Follicles are a normal size, skin is usually free of blemishes. Maintenance and preventative care are goals for normal skin. Follicles medium to small starting at T-zone moving outward.

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10
Q

Combination skin

A

Both oily and dry, or both oily and normal at same time. T-zone is oilier, b/c has more sebaceous glands and larger pores. Outer areas of face can be normal or dry and appear flaky. Follicles go from larger in T-zone to medium. Needs to be balanced. Treat both oily and dry areas of the face. Cleansing and regular exfoliation. Water based products work best. Avoid harsh products, excessive cleansing and rough exfoliating.

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11
Q

Oily skin

A

Known as lipidic skin. Excess sebum (oil) production. Follicle size is larger and contains more oil. Follicles visible or large all over face. Requires more cleansing and exfoliating than other types. Prone to blemishes. Goal is to balance barrier function (ALL skin types). Ages more slowly.

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12
Q

Sensitive skin

A

Condition. Fragile, thin skin and redness. Easily irritated by products and exposure to heat or sun. Rosacea and vascular conditions are more common. Can be result of age or medication. Can be difficult to treat b/c of low tolerance to products and stimulation. Avoid irritating products and procedures. Less is more. Needs to be treated gently. Goals are to soothe, calm and protect.

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13
Q

Telangiectasia or Couperose Skin (conditions)

A

Appear as red, distended capillaries, and noticeable on sensitive skin.

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14
Q

The Fitzpatrick Scale

A

Developed by Thomas Fitzpatrick. Used to measure the skin type’s ability to tolerate sun exposure. Everyone’s tolerance level is different for peels and treatments.

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15
Q

Fitzpatrick Scale Type I

A

Very fair; blond or red hair. Light colored eyes. Freckles common. Always burns, never tans. High risk for skin cancer and vascular damage.

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16
Q

Fitzpatrick Scale Type II

A

Fair skin, light eyes, light hair. Burns easily, tans with difficulty, high risk for skin cancer and vascular damage.

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17
Q

Fitzpatrick Sale Type III

A

Very common skin type. Fair. Eye and hair color vary. Sometimes burns, gradually tans. Risk of hyper/hypopigmentation. Moderate risk of skin cancer and vascular damage.

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18
Q

Fitzpatrick Scale Type IV

A

Mediterranean Caucasian skin, dark brown hair, medium to heavy pigmentation. Rarely burns, tans easily, high risk of hyper/hypopigmentation. High risk for scarring, moderate risk for vascular damage.

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19
Q

Fitzpatrick Scale Type V

A

Middle eastern skin. Dark and black hair, brown eyes, rarely sun sensitive. Skin darkens, may never burn. High risk of hyper/hypopigmentation. High risk for scarring from treatments and trauma. Moderate risk for vascular damage. Lower risk for solar-pigmented conditions and actinic aging (from sun exposure).

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20
Q

Fitzpatrick Scale Type VI

A

Black skin, brown eyes, rarely sun sensitive. Tans easily, may never burn. Very high risk of hyper/hypopigmentation. Very high risk for scarring from treatments and trauma. Moderate risk for vascular damage. Lower risk for solar-pigmented conditions and actinic aging.

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21
Q

Actinic

A

Damage or condition caused by sun exposure

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22
Q

Couperose skin; telangiectasia

A

Redness; distended capillaries from weakening of the capillary walls.

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23
Q

Erythema

A

Redness caused by inflammation

24
Q

Glogau Scale

A

Evaluates photodamage (sun) based on wrinkling categorized by age

25
Q

Glogau Scale Type I

A

Minimal to no wrinkles, age 20-30 or younger

26
Q

Glogau Scale Type II

A

Shows wrinkles only visible while in motion when making facial expressions. Early to moderate photoaging, light keratosis (abnormally thick build up of cells) age 30-40

27
Q

Glogau Scale Type III

A

Shows wrinkles at rest, advanced photoaging, hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, keratosis, age 40-50

28
Q

Glogau Scale Type IV

A

Shows predominate wrinkles, severe photoaging, severe scarring may be noticeable. Ages are not specified

29
Q

Rubin’s Classifications of Photodamage

A

Uses levels to classify photodamage by the depth of skin changes or damage. Indicates what kind of treatment is appropriate for the skin’s conditions

30
Q

Rubin’s Classifications of Photodamage Level 1

A

Includes superficial pigment and changes in the epidermis. Superficial chemical exfoliation and antioxidants will be beneficial for skin at this level

31
Q

Rubin’s Classifications of Photodamage Level 2

A

Includes changes in the epidermis and papillary dermis, actinic keratosis, pigmentation, and increased wrinkles. This client will benefit from medium-depth peels and stronger products such as retinoids.

32
Q

Rubin’s Classifications of Photodamage Level 3

A

Shows deeper changes down to the reticular dermis. Skin looks leathery and shows severe sun damage. Laser resurfacing and other cosmetic procedures are suggested for this level of damage

33
Q

Hyperpigmentation

A

Overproduction of pigment. Greater problem for darker skin types. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can result from hormones, trauma, extractions, sun damage or exfoliation. Can be caused by peels, lightening agents, and laser treatments.

34
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Excessive cell turnover and dead skin buildup. Needs more exfoliation and deep pore cleansing

35
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

A rough area resulting from sun exposure, sometimes with a layered scale or scab that sometimes falls off. Can be precancerous

36
Q

Asphyxiated

A

Smokers have asphyxiated skin from lack of oxygen. Characterized by clogged pores and wrinkles, dull and lifeless looking. Can be yellowish or gray in color.

37
Q

Comedones

A

Open comedones are blackheads and clogged pores caused by a buildup of debris, oil and dead skin cells in the follicles. Closed comedones are not open to the air or oxygen; they are trapped by dead skin cells and need to be exfoliated and extracted (whiteheads)

38
Q

Cysts

A

Fluid, infection or other matter under the skin

39
Q

Hyperkeratinization

A

An excessive buildup of dead skin cells/keratinized cells

40
Q

Hypopigmentation

A

White, colorless areas from lack of melanin production

41
Q

Keratosis

A

A buildup of cells; a rough texture

42
Q

Milia

A

Hardened, pearl-like masses of oil and dead skin cells trapped beneath the surface of the skin. Have to be lanced to open and remove them

43
Q

Papules

A

Raised lesions, also called blemishes

44
Q

Poor elasticity

A

Sagging; loose skin from damage, sun and aging

45
Q

Pustules

A

Infected Papules with fluid inside

46
Q

Rosacea

A

A vascular disorder; chronic redness. Papules and pustules may be present

47
Q

Sebaceous hyperplasia

A

Benign lesions seen in oilier areas of the face. Described as looking like a doughnut. Cannot be extracted.

48
Q

Seborrhea

A

Oiliness of the skin

49
Q

Solar comedones

A

Large blackheads, usually around the eyes due to sun exposure

50
Q

Sun exposure

A

UV damage to the epidermis and dermis, primary effects are wrinkles collagen and elastin breakdown, pigmentation and cancer

51
Q

Internal effects on the skin

A

Genetics and ethnicity, stress, lifestyle, attitude, free radicals, dehydration, vitamin deficiency, improper nutrition, alcohol, caffeine, hormones and menopause, lack of exercise, lack of sleep, smoking, medications/drugs, medical conditions, aging, glycation.

52
Q

External effects on the skin

A

UV exposure and sun damage, sunlamps and tanning booths, environmental exposure, pollutants and air quality, climate, humidity, poor maintenance and skin care, misuse or products or treatments, over exfoliation, harsh products, allergies and reactions, photosensitivity to the sun from medications or products.

53
Q

UVA radiation

A

longer wavelengths that penetrate deeper into the dermis than UVB, wavelengths are less energetic b/c of lower frequency, absorbed by epidermis and dermis, dominant cause of tanning, wrinkling and premature aging, tanning beds use UVA light and have 12 times the dosage of the sun (12 times about of damage and aging).

54
Q

UVB radiation

A

shorter wavelengths, stroger than UVA b/c they deliver more energy, wavelengths have higher frequency, penetrates less b/c the shorter wavelengths are scattered or reflected more by the epidermis, main cause of sunburns, tanning, skin aging and skin cancers. UVB is doubled when reflected by snow or ice and is greater at high altitudes.

55
Q

Contraindications for skin treatments

A

certain skin diseases, disorders and irritations, use of accutane or any skin-thinning or exfoliating drug, pregnancy (should not have any electrical treatments), metal bone pins or plates in the body (electrical treatments), pace makers or heart irregularities (electrical treatments, allergies, seizures or epilepsy (E. treatments), oral steroids (stimulating, exfoliating, waxing), autoimmune diseases (harsh or stimulating treatments), diabetes, blood thinners (extractions and waxing).

56
Q

Skin Analysis checklist

A

Skin type (check pore size and oil distribution), conditions present (comedones, pigmentation, sun damage, etc), appearance (dry, clear, oily, red etc), texture (rough, smooth, dehydrated, firm), etc.

Skin (2 decks)

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