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Skin > Ch 10- Physiology and Histology > Flashcards

Ch 10- Physiology and Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Eccrine glands

A

Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles, secretions do not produce an offensive odor

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2
Q

Elastin

A

Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness

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3
Q

Epidermal Growth Factor

A

EGF. Stimulates cells to reproduce and heal

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4
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of the skin; a thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms and nerve endings. It is made up of 5 layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum.

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5
Q

Eumelanin

A

A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color. People with dark colored skin mostly produce this. There are two types of melanin: the other type is pheomelanin.

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6
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Cells that stimulate cells, collagen and amino acids that form proteins

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7
Q

Follicles

A

Hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tube like openings in the epidermis

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8
Q

Glycation

A

Caused by an elevation in blood sugar, glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures, known as Advanced Glycation End products (AGES). Glycation alters protein structures and decreases biological activity.

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9
Q

Hair papillae

A

Cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb. The papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment

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10
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

hydrating fluids found in the skin; hydrophilic agent with water binding properties

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11
Q

Hydrolipidic

A

hydrolipidic film is an oil-water balance that protects the skin’s surface

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12
Q

intercellular matrix

A

lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation

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13
Q

keratin

A

fiberous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair and nails. provides resiliency and protection. found in all layers of the epidermis.

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14
Q

keratinocytes

A

epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids and other proteins. Compromise 95% of the epidermis

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15
Q

langerhans immune cells

A

Guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders, such as bacteria, and then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system

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16
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites. these white blood cells also respond to allergies

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17
Q

lymph vessels

A

located in the dermis, these supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste

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18
Q

melanin

A

tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis. It is a protein that determines hair, eye, and skin color; a defense mechanism to protect skin from the sun

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19
Q

melanocytes

A

cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer

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20
Q

melanosomes

A

pigment carrying granules that produce melanin, a complex protein

21
Q

papillary layer

A

top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis

22
Q

pheomelanin

A

a type of melanin that is red and yellow in color. people with light-colored skin mostly produce pheomelanin. there are two types of melanin; the other is eumelanin

23
Q

pores

A

tube like openings for sweat glands on the epidermis

24
Q

reticular layer

A

deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous (oil) glands and nerve endings.

25
Q

sebaceous glands

A

oil glands; protect the surface of the skin. They are appendages connected to follicles

26
Q

sebum

A

oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair

27
Q

stratum corneum

A

also known as horny layer, outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of corneocytes. Very thin

28
Q

stratum germinativum

A

also known as basal cell layer; active level of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; cell mitosis takes place here that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth

29
Q

stratum granulosum

A

also known as granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum

30
Q

stratum lucidum

A

clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

31
Q

stratum spinosum

A

also known as the spiny layer; layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum (basal) layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins

32
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

also known as the hypodermis; subcutananeous adipose (fat) tissue located beneath the dermis; a protective cushion and energy storage for the body

33
Q

subcutis tissue

A

also known as adipose tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin

34
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicles. (udo-odor)

35
Q

t-cells

A

identify molecules that have foreign peptiedes and also help regulate immune response

36
Q

tyrosinase

A

the enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin

37
Q

Skin facts

A
  • largest organ in the body
  • thickest on the palms and soles
  • thinnest on eyelids
  • skin of average adult weighs 7lbs, and an area of 22 sq ft
  • contains 1/2-2/3 of the blood in the body and 1/2 primary immune cells
  • 50-70% water
38
Q

Skin function

A

protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion, secretion, absorbtion

39
Q

apocrine glands

A

coiled attached to hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas that secret sweat (think ape-smelly)

40
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts, sometimes called goose bumps and papillae

41
Q

barrier function

A

protective barrier of the epidermis; the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration

42
Q

ceramides

A

glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skin’s intercelluar matrix and barrier function

43
Q

collagen

A

fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis; gives skin its firmness. topically, a long large chain molecular protein that lies on the top of the skin and binds water; derived from the placentas of cows or other sources

44
Q

corneocytes

A

another name for a stratum corneum cell. hardened, waterproof, protective keratinocytes; these “dead” protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei

45
Q

dermal papillae

A

membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis; contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to skin and follicles

46
Q

dermis

A

also known as the derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; support layer of connective tissue, collagen and elastin below the epidermis

47
Q

desmosomes

A

the structures that assist in holding cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins

48
Q

Skin layers

A

Epidermis is outer most layer of the skin, a thin protective covering with many nerve endings. Composed of 5 layers.

  • stratum corneum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum germinativum (basal layer)

Skin (2 decks)

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