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BIOL_Final review > Ch 12 quizes > Flashcards

Ch 12 quizes Flashcards

1
Q

Phagocytic cells in nervous tissue of the CNS are ____.
1. microglia
2. oligodendrocytes
3. astrocytes
4. ependymal cells

A
  1. microglia
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2
Q

In the CNS, a neuron typically receives information from other neurons at its ____.
1. Nissl bodies
2. nucleus
3. dendrites
4. axons

A
  1. dendrites
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3
Q

Choose the best term for ENS
1. Sensory information
2. Spinal cord and brain’s neural network
3. Visceral motor neuron system
4. Skeletal muscle motor neuron system
5. Digestive System’s neural network
6. Motor commands

A
  1. Digestive System’s neural network
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4
Q

Choose the best term for the Afferent division
1. Sensory information
2. Spinal cord and brain’s neural network
3. Visceral motor neuron system
4. Skeletal muscle motor neuron system
5. Digestive System’s neural network
6. Motor commands

A
  1. Sensory information
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5
Q

Choose the best term for the efferent division
1. Sensory information
2. Spinal cord and brain’s neural network
3. Visceral motor neuron system
4. Skeletal muscle motor neuron system
5. Digestive System’s neural network
6. Motor commands

A
  1. Motor commands
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6
Q

Choose the best term for the CNS
1. Sensory information
2. Spinal cord and brain’s neural network
3. Visceral motor neuron system
4. Skeletal muscle motor neuron system
5. Digestive System’s neural network
6. Motor commands

A
  1. Spinal cord and brain’s neural network
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7
Q

Choose the best term for the Somatic Nervous System
1. Sensory information
2. Spinal cord and brain’s neural network
3. Visceral motor neuron system
4. Skeletal muscle motor neuron system
5. Digestive System’s neural network
6. Motor commands

A
  1. Skeletal muscle motor neuron system
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8
Q

Choose the best term for the ANS
1. Sensory information
2. Spinal cord and brain’s neural network
3. Visceral motor neuron system
4. Skeletal muscle motor neuron system
5. Digestive System’s neural network
6. Motor commands

A
  1. Visceral motor neuron system
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9
Q

The two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the afferent and efferent divisions. What are their respective functions?
1. Sensory input to the CNS / carries motor commands to muscles or glands.
2. Carries motor commands to muscles or glands / Sensory input to the CNS.
3. Control of the central nervous system /control of the peripheral nervous system.
4. Control of neurons / control of neuroglia.

A
  1. Sensory input to the CNS / carries motor commands to muscles or glands.
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10
Q

Which structure of a neuron is capable of propagating an electrical impulse?
1. cell body
2. Perikaryon
3. Dendrites
4. Axon

A
  1. Axon
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11
Q

Receptors that bind acetylcholine (ACh) at the postsynaptic membrane are ____. *Select correct answer(s)
1. chemically gated channel
2. leaky channels
3. passive channels
4. sodium-potassium pumps
5. voltage-gated channels
6. mechanically gated channels

A
  1. chemically gated channel
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12
Q

The neural cells responsible for the analysis of sensory inputs and coordination of motor inputs are ____.
1. neuroglia
2. interneurons
3. sensory neurons
4. motor neurons

A
  1. interneurons
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13
Q

Which of the following is/are correct concerning structural classifications of neurons?
1. multipolar neurons control skeletal muscles
2. unipolar neurons relay sensory information
3. all of these answers are correct
4. Bipolar neurons function in the senses of hearing, smell, and vision

A
  1. all of these answers are correct
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14
Q

Which type of gated channel responds to physical distortion of the membrane surface? Where is this ability important?
1. mechanically regulated channels/ sensory receptors
2. passive channels/ where the channels must remain open
3. chemically regulated channels/ in dendrites
4. voltage-gated channels/ axons of multipolar and unipolar neurons

A
  1. mechanically regulated channels/ sensory receptors
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15
Q

What factor determines the direction that ions will move through an open membrane channel?
1. the membrane permeability to sodium ions
2. the electrochemical gradient
3. none of these answers are correct
4. negatively charged chloride ions int he extracellular fluid
5. intracellular negatively charged proteins

A
  1. the electrochemical gradient
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16
Q

What effect would blocking voltage-regulated calcium channels at a synapse have on synaptic communication?
1. communication would cease
2. communication would be misdirected
3. communication would be enhanced
4. communication would continue as before

A
  1. communication would cease
17
Q

Depolarization of a neuron plasma membrane will shift the membrane potential toward ____.
1. all of these answers are correct
2. -70mV
3. -90mV
4. 0mV

A
  1. 0mV
18
Q

The resting membrane potential is established as a result of various factors. 1. There is (less/more) sodium inside the cell than outside the cell. 2. there is (less/more) potassium inside the cell than outside the cell. 3. the electrical gradient pulls sodium (into/ out of) the cell. 4. the electrical gradient pulls potassium (into/ out of) the cell. 5. the electrochemical gradient pulls sodium (into/out of) the cell. 6. the electrochemical gradient pulls potassium (into/ out of) the cell.

A
  1. less
  2. more
  3. into
  4. into
  5. into
  6. out of
19
Q

True/ false: GABA is an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

True

20
Q

In what ways are temporal and spatial summation the same?
1. both occur when simultaneous stimul are applied at different locations, causing a cumulative effect on transmembrane potential
2. all of these are correct
3. both are methods by which individual epsps combine to result in an action potential
4. both require a rapid succession of stimul at single synapse

A
  1. both are methods by which individual epsps combine to result in an action potential
21
Q

One pathway in the central nervous system consists of three neurons, another of five neurons. If the neurons in the two pathways are identical, which pathway will transmit impulses more rapidly?
1. pathway with three neurons
2. they would transmit at the same rate
3. pathway with five neurons

A
  1. pathway with three neurons
22
Q

Which gas(es) are known to be important neurotransmitters?
1. carbon monoxide
2. nitrogen
3. carbon dioxide
4. nitric oxide (NO)
5. Oxygen

*select correct answers(s)

A
  1. carbon monoxide/ 4. nitric oxide (NO)
23
Q

One axon propagates action potential at 50m/s; anohter carries them at 1m/s. which axon is myelinated?
1. axon that propagates at 1m/s
2. axon that propagates at 50m/s

A
  1. axon that propagates at 50m/s
24
Q

One EPSP depolarizes the initial segment form a resting membrane potential of -70mV to -65mV, and threshold is at -60 mV.

  1. is this an example of hyperpolarization or of depolarization
  2. will a graded potential be generated?
  3. will an action potential be generated?
  4. if a sexond identical EPSP occurs immediately after the first will an action potential be generated?
  5. if two EPSPs occur at the same time, what form of summation would occur?
    1. Depolarzation; 2. Yes; 3. No; 4. Yes.; 5. temporal
    1. Depolarzation; 2. No; 3. Yes; 4. Yes.; 5. temporal
    1. Depolarzation; 2. Yes; 3. No; 4. Yes.; 5. Spatial
    1. Hyperpolarization; 2. No; 3. No; 4. Yes.; 5. Spatial
    1. Hyperpolarization; 2. Yes; 3. No; 4. Yes.; 5. temporal
A
  1. Depolarzation; 2. Yes; 3. No; 4. Yes.; 5. Spatial
25
Q

True/ false: Presynaptic inhibition results in more excitatory neurotransmitters being released by the presynaptic neuron.

A

faaaaaaaaalse

26
Q

Regulation by the nervous system provides ___________.

  1. swift, long-lasting response to stimuli
  2. relatively slow, short-lived responses to stimuli
  3. relatively slow, but long-lasting, responses to stimuli
  4. swift, but brief, responses to stimuli
A
  1. swift, but brief, responses to stimuli
27
Q

What is the primary distinction between chemical and electrical synapses; which type is more rare?

  1. electrical synapses always use acetylcholine/ both are equally abundant
  2. electrical synpases involve a neurotransmitter/ chemical synapses
  3. chemical synapses involve direct connection between cells/ chemical synapses
  4. electrcial synapses involve direct connection between cells/ electricla sysnapses
A
  1. electrcial synapses involve direct connection between cells/ electricla sysnapses
28
Q

Excitatory neruotransmitters cause ____ and inhibitory neurotransmitter cause _______.

  1. repolarization/ return to resting potentials
  2. depolarization/ hyperpolarization
  3. suppression of generation of action potentials/ promote generation of action potentials
  4. synaptic fatifue/ synaptic delay
A
  1. depolarization/ hyperpolarization
29
Q

Which division of the PNS would contain sensory nerve fibers from special sensory receptors?
1. parasympathetic
2. afferent
3. somatic efferent
4. sympathetic
5. efferent

A
  1. afferent
30
Q

Which of the following is defined as a graded hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane?
1. equilibrium potential
2. EPSP
3. IPSP
4. resting potential

A
  1. IPSP
31
Q

Which glial cells are found only in the PNS?
1. schwann cells
2. microglia
3. ependymal cells
4. oligodendrocytes

A
  1. schwann cells
32
Q

The affrent division of the PNS ______.

  1. controls smooth muscle
  2. carries motor commands
  3. carries sensroy information
  4. controls skeletal muscle
A
  1. carries sensroy information
33
Q

Rabies is an example of a clinical condition involving retrograde flow. A bite from a rabid animal injects the rabies virus into peripheral tissues, and the virus particles quickly enter axon terminals and peripheral axons. Retrograde flow then carries the virus into the central nervous system (CNS), with fatal results. Many toxins (including heavy metals), some pathogenic bacteria, and other viruses also bypass CNS defenses through axonal transport.

Rabies illustrates a negative consequence to otherwise healthy retrograde flow within axons. Which of the following components will NOT be involved in retrograde flow?

  1. kinesin
  2. neuronal cell body
  3. axon hillock
  4. axoplasm
  5. dynein
A

kinesin

dynein is the motor for retrograde axonal transport of organelles.

34
Q

In which cell does a graded potential occur?
1. skeletal and cardiac muscle cells
2. adipocytes
3. graded potential occur in all the cell types listed
4. epithelial cells
5. neurons

A
  1. graded potential occur in all the cell types listed
35
Q

The sodium-potassium exchange pump stabilizes resting potential of the neuron membrane at about ______.

  1. -70 mV
  2. -90mV
  3. -20mV
  4. +66mV
  5. +30mV
A
  1. -70 mV
36
Q

If a nerve cell receives many IPSPs in different locations at the same time, _________.

  1. it will show temporal summation
  2. the membrane potential will depolarize
  3. it will show spatial summation
  4. the nerve cell will apporach threshold

*select correct answer (s)

A
  1. it will show spatial summation
37
Q

Gymnasts can contort their bodies in many different ways and land on a 4” beam with accuracy. Which fiber type is responsible for this ability?
1. type A fibers
2. type D fibers
3. type C fibers
4. type B fibers

A
  1. type A fibers
38
Q

Josh and a bunch of friends decided to see how many people they could squeeze into a small car for a charity event. Once inside, Josh felt it get hot, smelly, and like the air was getting squished out of his lungs. He also noticed aches and pains in his joints.

Which of the following statements best describes** the type of sensory neurons involved?**
1. the interoceptors, exteroceptors, and proprioceptors were all monitoring his condition
2. his interoceptors were monitoring his respiratory system
3. the proprioceptors were monitoring the position of his skeletal muscles and joints
4. his exteroceptors were bringing in information from the outside world

A
  1. the interoceptors, exteroceptors, and proprioceptors were all monitoring his condition

BIOL_Final review (10 decks)

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