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Test 4 - Psych 100 > Ch: 12 (Personality) > Flashcards

Ch: 12 (Personality) Flashcards

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1
Q

A pattern of enduring distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world

A

Personality

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2
Q

Early childhood experiences shape personality, primarily being unconscious, which develops in stages

A

Psychodynamic perspectives

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3
Q

Developed psychoanalysis, his approach to personality through his work with psychiatric patients, emphasizing sex and pleasures.

A

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

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4
Q

Misstatements that perhaps reveal unconscious thoughts

A

Freudian slips

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5
Q

Consists of unconscious drives and instincts; one’s reservoirs of sexual energy - amoral urges pressing for expression

A

Id

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6
Q

Id seeks immediate gratification

A

Pleasure principle

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7
Q

Structure that deals with demands of reality

A

Ego

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8
Q

Attempts to fulfill the if within social norms (mediator)

A

Reality Principle

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9
Q

Serves as the harsh internal judge of our behavior; conscience or moral branch of personality - morality

A

superego

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10
Q

The tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

A

Defense mechanisms

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11
Q

The ego pushes unacceptable id impulses out of awareness, back into the unconscious mind

A

Repression

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12
Q

The ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety provoking realities

A

Denial

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13
Q

The ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental period in the face of stress

A

Regression

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14
Q

The ego shifts feelings from an unacceptable object to another, more acceptable

A

Displacement

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15
Q

Parts of the body with strong pleasure-giving qualities at each stage

A

Erogenous zones

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16
Q

Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development

A

1) Oral
2) Anal
3) Phallic
4) Latency
5) Genital

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17
Q

A young boy’s intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother

A

Oedipus complex

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18
Q

The boy’s intense fear of being mutilated by his father

A

Castration anxiety

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19
Q

Defense mechanism that occurs when one remains locked in an earlier developmental stage because of under or over gratification

A

Fixation

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20
Q

The impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of a common ancestral past

A

Collective Unconscious

21
Q

Predispositions to respond to the environment in particular ways

A

Archetypes

22
Q

Personality is learned and shaped by the environment and its consequences, personality is the individuals observes, overt behavior

A

Skinner’s Behaviorism

23
Q

Emphasizes the influence of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals

A

Social Cognitive Perspective

24
Q

Added mental processes in determining behavior

A

Bandura’s social cognitive theory

25
Q

States that behavior, environment and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality

A

Theory

26
Q

The way behavior, environment, and personal/cognition interact to create personality

A

Reciprocal Determinism

27
Q

we acquire a wide range of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings through observing others

A

Observational Learning

28
Q

Individuals can regulate and control our own behaviors; despite a changing environment

A

Personal control

29
Q

The belief that one can accomplish a given goal or task and produce positive change

A

Self-efficacy

30
Q

Stresses a person’s capacity for personal growth, and positive human qualities; freedom to choose one’s destiny

A

Humanistic approach

31
Q

We are all born with the raw ingredients of a fulfilling life; we simply need the right conditions to thrive

A

Rogers’ approach

32
Q

Our conscious representation of who we are and who we wish to become

A

Self-Concept

33
Q

Term for accepting, valuing, and being positive toward another regardless of the person’s behavior

A

Unconditional Positive Regard

34
Q

Understanding another’s position and feelings

A

Empathy

35
Q

Open with our feelings; dropping pretenses and facades

A

Genuine

36
Q

A lasting personality characteristic that tend to lead to certain behaviors

A

Trait

37
Q

Father of American personality psychology

A

Gordon Allport’s Theory

38
Q

Focus on understanding healthy, well-adjusted people

A

Gordon Allport’s theory

39
Q

Gordon Allport took 16/4500 words used to describe a person and make a personality test out of them called…

A

16 PF

40
Q

The big five factors of personality

A

1) Openness to experience
2) Conscientiousness
3) Extraversion
4) Agreeableness
5) Neuroticism

41
Q

Personality and behavior vary based on context

A

Situationalism

42
Q

A cluster of characteristics - such as being excessively competitive, hard-driven, impatient, and hostile - may lead to heart disease

A

Type A behavior

43
Q

A cluster of characteristics - such as being relaxed and easygoing - related to good health

A

Type B behavior

44
Q

A cluster of characteristics - such as being generally distressed, having negative emotions, and being socially inhibited - related to adverse cardiovascular outcomes

A

Type D behavior

45
Q

Directly ask people whether items (usually true/false or agree/disagree) describe their personality traits

A

Self-report tests

46
Q

The most widely used and researched self-report test, with 567 questions, assess deception + social desirability

A

MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)

47
Q

This test presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and then asks them to describe it or tell a story about it; to project their own meaning. Trying to get elicit unconscious feelings

A

Projective tests

48
Q

This test is used to assess the need for achievement, affiliation, power & intimacy; as well as an unconscious defense mechanism and cognitive styles, a series of pictures, and the person is asked to tell a story about them.

A

TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

49
Q

This test uses 10 cards some in color some in black and white. It can yield rich and detailed information and insight into the person’s personality.

A

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Test 4 - Psych 100 (3 decks)

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