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Test 4 - Psych 100 > Ch: 12 (Personality) > Flashcards

Ch: 12 (Personality) Flashcards

1
Q

A pattern of enduring distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world

A

Personality

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2
Q

Early childhood experiences shape personality, primarily being unconscious, which develops in stages

A

Psychodynamic perspectives

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3
Q

Developed psychoanalysis, his approach to personality through his work with psychiatric patients, emphasizing sex and pleasures.

A

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

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4
Q

Misstatements that perhaps reveal unconscious thoughts

A

Freudian slips

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5
Q

Consists of unconscious drives and instincts; one’s reservoirs of sexual energy - amoral urges pressing for expression

A

Id

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6
Q

Id seeks immediate gratification

A

Pleasure principle

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7
Q

Structure that deals with demands of reality

A

Ego

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8
Q

Attempts to fulfill the if within social norms (mediator)

A

Reality Principle

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9
Q

Serves as the harsh internal judge of our behavior; conscience or moral branch of personality - morality

A

superego

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10
Q

The tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

A

Defense mechanisms

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11
Q

The ego pushes unacceptable id impulses out of awareness, back into the unconscious mind

A

Repression

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12
Q

The ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety provoking realities

A

Denial

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13
Q

The ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental period in the face of stress

A

Regression

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14
Q

The ego shifts feelings from an unacceptable object to another, more acceptable

A

Displacement

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15
Q

Parts of the body with strong pleasure-giving qualities at each stage

A

Erogenous zones

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16
Q

Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development

A

1) Oral
2) Anal
3) Phallic
4) Latency
5) Genital

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17
Q

A young boy’s intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother

A

Oedipus complex

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18
Q

The boy’s intense fear of being mutilated by his father

A

Castration anxiety

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19
Q

Defense mechanism that occurs when one remains locked in an earlier developmental stage because of under or over gratification

A

Fixation

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20
Q

The impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of a common ancestral past

A

Collective Unconscious

21
Q

Predispositions to respond to the environment in particular ways

A

Archetypes

22
Q

Personality is learned and shaped by the environment and its consequences, personality is the individuals observes, overt behavior

A

Skinner’s Behaviorism

23
Q

Emphasizes the influence of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals

A

Social Cognitive Perspective

24
Q

Added mental processes in determining behavior

A

Bandura’s social cognitive theory

25
States that behavior, environment and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality
Theory
26
The way behavior, environment, and personal/cognition interact to create personality
Reciprocal Determinism
27
we acquire a wide range of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings through observing others
Observational Learning
28
Individuals can regulate and control our own behaviors; despite a changing environment
Personal control
29
The belief that one can accomplish a given goal or task and produce positive change
Self-efficacy
30
Stresses a person's capacity for personal growth, and positive human qualities; freedom to choose one's destiny
Humanistic approach
31
We are all born with the raw ingredients of a fulfilling life; we simply need the right conditions to thrive
Rogers' approach
32
Our conscious representation of who we are and who we wish to become
Self-Concept
33
Term for accepting, valuing, and being positive toward another regardless of the person's behavior
Unconditional Positive Regard
34
Understanding another's position and feelings
Empathy
35
Open with our feelings; dropping pretenses and facades
Genuine
36
A lasting personality characteristic that tend to lead to certain behaviors
Trait
37
Father of American personality psychology
Gordon Allport's Theory
38
Focus on understanding healthy, well-adjusted people
Gordon Allport's theory
39
Gordon Allport took 16/4500 words used to describe a person and make a personality test out of them called...
16 PF
40
The big five factors of personality
1) Openness to experience 2) Conscientiousness 3) Extraversion 4) Agreeableness 5) Neuroticism
41
Personality and behavior vary based on context
Situationalism
42
A cluster of characteristics - such as being excessively competitive, hard-driven, impatient, and hostile - may lead to heart disease
Type A behavior
43
A cluster of characteristics - such as being relaxed and easygoing - related to good health
Type B behavior
44
A cluster of characteristics - such as being generally distressed, having negative emotions, and being socially inhibited - related to adverse cardiovascular outcomes
Type D behavior
45
Directly ask people whether items (usually true/false or agree/disagree) describe their personality traits
Self-report tests
46
The most widely used and researched self-report test, with 567 questions, assess deception + social desirability
MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)
47
This test presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and then asks them to describe it or tell a story about it; to project their own meaning. Trying to get elicit unconscious feelings
Projective tests
48
This test is used to assess the need for achievement, affiliation, power & intimacy; as well as an unconscious defense mechanism and cognitive styles, a series of pictures, and the person is asked to tell a story about them.
TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)
49
This test uses 10 cards some in color some in black and white. It can yield rich and detailed information and insight into the person's personality.
Rorschach Inkblot Test

Test 4 - Psych 100 (3 decks)

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