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Medical Term Quiz 5 > CH 12: Pathology > Flashcards

CH 12: Pathology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

auscultation

A

listening to sounds within the body

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2
Q

percussion

A

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

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3
Q

pleural rub

A

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
- means inflammation or cancer

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4
Q

rales (crackles)

A

fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli

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5
Q

rhonchi/ rhonchus

A

loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

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6
Q

sputum

A

material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

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7
Q

purulent

A

containing pus sputum often is green or brown

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8
Q

culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

identifies the sputum pathogen and determine which antibiotics will be effective in destroying or reducing its growth

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9
Q

stridor

A

high pitch; strained, high pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

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10
Q

wheezed

A

asthma; continuous high pitched whistling sounds producing during breathing

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11
Q

croup

A

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor
- most common: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

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12
Q

diphtheria

A

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by diphtheria bacterium / corynecaberium
- get DPT injections

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13
Q

epistaxis

A

bosebleed

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14
Q

pertussis

A

whipping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by bordetella pertussis
- paroxysmal: violent, sudden

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15
Q

asthma

A

chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

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16
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection

  • purulent: pus containing
  • palliative: noncurative
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17
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

ipersisting over a long time; type of chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD)

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18
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do no drain normally

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19
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

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20
Q

emphysema

A

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
- smoking

21
Q

lung cancer

A

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

  • divided into 2 categories
    1. non small cell lung cancer / NSCLC
    2. small cell lung cancer / SCLC
22
Q

NSCLC

A

90 percent of lung cancers. The two types:
1- adenocarcinoma
2. squamous cell carcinoma

23
Q

SCLC

A

derived from small, round oat cells found in the pulmonary epithelium

24
Q

pneymoconiosis

A

abnormal condition caused by dust in lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis
1- anthracosis: coal, black lung
2- asbestosis: asbesstos
3- silicosis: silica (rocks or glass)

25
Q

pneumonia

A

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
- exudate (fluid, blood cells, debris) consolidates in the alveoli

26
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

arge collection of pus/ bacterial infection in the lungs

27
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

28
Q

pulmonary emolism (PE)

A

clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

- can lead to pulmonary infarction

29
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

30
Q

sarcoidosis

A

chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules / granulomas develop in ling, lymph nodes, and other organs

31
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected

32
Q

mesothelioma

A

RARE malignant tumor arising in the pleura

  • only one
  • asbestos exposure
33
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space/ cavity

34
Q

pleurisy (pleuritis)

A

inflammation of the pleura

35
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air in the pleural space

- tx: pleurodesis: put talc so that effusion doesn’t occur and it binds

36
Q

chest x ray

A

radiographic image of the thoracic cavity. chest film

37
Q

computed tomogaphy (CT) scan of the chest

A

computer generated series of x ray images show thoracic structure in cross section and other planes

38
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest

A

magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral, and cross sectional (axial) planes

39
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung

A

radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs

40
Q

ventilation perfusion (V/Q) scan

A

detection device records radioactivity in the lungs after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon)

41
Q

bronchoscopy

A

fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes

42
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

placement of a stub through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

43
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the voice box

44
Q

lung biopsy

A

removal of lung tissue follow by microscopic examination

45
Q

mediastinoscop

A

endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

46
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs (airway function, lung volume, and capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently

47
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

48
Q

thoracotomy

A

large surgical incision of the chest

49
Q

tracheostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

Medical Term Quiz 5 (9 decks)

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