ch 12 osteichthyes

Question 1

what are oseichthyes

Answer 1

bony fishes

Question 2

what are the two major groups of bony fishes

Answer 2

lobe finned fishes and ray finned fishes

Question 2

examples of lobe finned fishes

Answer 2

lungfishes and coelacanths

Question 2

ray finned fishes can be further divided into what two groups

Answer 2

soft rayed and spiny rayed bony fish

Question 3

examples of soft rayed fish

Answer 3

cod, trout, herring

Question 4

examples of spiny rayed fish

Answer 4

bass, groupers, reef fish

Question 5

what are myomeres

Answer 5

bands of muscles in the body and tail of a fish that allow them to swim with a rhythmic side to side motion

Question 6

how can fish move and swim

Answer 6

-use pectoral fins for maneuverability
-can brake, hover, and change position
-dorsal and anal fins act as rudders and provide stability

Question 7

caudal fin shapes

Answer 7

round, truncate, forkes, lunate, heterocercal

Question 8

fish body shapes

Answer 8

fusiform, compressiform, depressiform

Question 9

how to fish maintain buoyancy

Answer 9

swim bladders

Question 10

disadvantage of swim bladders

Answer 10

gas responds to changes in pressure by expanding and contracting

Question 11

how do sharks maintain buoyancy

Answer 11

use constant movement with lift from their pectoral fins

Question 12

how many pairs of gills do bony fish have

Answer 12

4

Question 13

how many pairs of gills do cartilaginous fish have

Answer 13

5-7 pairs

Question 14

lamellae

Answer 14

thin plates on gills that increase surface area and contain capillaries which counter current gas exchange

Question 15

how are gills used to obtain oxygen

Answer 15

countercurrent exchange system

Question 16

ram ventilation

Answer 16

mobile fish swimming with their mouths open to continuously move water passed the gills

Question 17

spiracles

Answer 17

modified 1st pair of gills on carilaginous fish

Question 18

what are spiracles used for

Answer 18

pumping water over gills

Question 19

lateral line sensory system

Answer 19

-used to detect water displacement, movement, vibrations, and pressure gradients

Question 20

chemoreception

Answer 20

smell and taste

Question 21

ampullae of lorenzini

Answer 21

sensory organs in the head of cartilaginous fish that detect weak electrical fields

Question 22

otoliths

Answer 22

ear stones

Question 23

terminal mouth

Answer 23

fish chases or hunts prey

Question 24

superior mouth

Answer 24

fish feeds towards the surface or what is above

Question 25

inferior mouth

Answer 25

fish preys on benthic food source or scavenges

Question 26

protrusible mouth

Answer 26

fish extends mouth and sucks prey in