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Biology > ch 12 - coordination and response > Flashcards

ch 12 - coordination and response Flashcards

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1
Q

stimuli

A

changes in the environment that can be detected by organisms

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2
Q

receptors

A

cells or grps of cells that can detect stimuli

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3
Q

effectors

A

parts of the body that respond to a stimulus; muscles and glands are effectors

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4
Q

coordination

A

ensuring that the actions of different parts of the body work together

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5
Q

nerve

A

a group of neurone axons lying together (like an electrical cable connecting many wires)

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6
Q

methods of sending info from receptors to effectors

A

by nerves, hormones

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7
Q

neurone

A

cell that is specialised for conducting electrical impulses rapidly

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8
Q

motor neurone

A

a neurone that transmits electrical impulses from the CNS to an effector

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9
Q

axon

A

long, thin, fiber of cytoplasm that extends from the cell body of a neurone

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10
Q

dentrites

A

shorter fibers of cytoplasm from a neurone

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11
Q

nerve impulse

A

an electrical signal that passes rapidly along an axon

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12
Q

myelin

A

a sheath that wraps nerve fibers, and insulates them so they can carry electrical impulses much faster

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13
Q

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

A

the brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

A

the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, nerves that spread out from cns

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15
Q

sensory neurone

A

a neurone that transmits electrical impulses from a recepter to the CNS

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16
Q

relay neurone

A

a neurone that transmits electrical impulses within the nervous system

17
Q

reflex arc

A

pathway along which the nerve impulses passes (sensory , relay , motor )

18
Q

reflex action

A

carries electrical impulses from receptor to effector quickly (quickly withdrawing hand from hot pan)

19
Q

synaptic gap

A

a tiny gap between two neurones, at a synapse

20
Q

synapse

A

junction between two neurones

21
Q

neurotransmitter

A

a chemical stored in vesicles at the end of neurones, which can be released to diffuse across the synaptic gap and set up an electrical impulse in the next neurone

22
Q

receptor proteins

A

proteins on the membrane of the second neurone at a synapse, which have a complementary shape to the molecules of transmitter

23
Q

hormones

A

chemicals that are produced by a gland, and carried in the blood plasma, which alter the activities of their specific target organs

24
Q

endocrine glands

A

glands that secrete hormones

25
Q

target organs

A

organs whose activities is altered by a hormone

26
Q

adrenal gland

A

secrets adrenaline, which prepares body for vigorous action

27
Q

pancreas

A

secretes insulin, which reduces concentration of glucose in the blood

28
Q

pancreas

A

secretes glucagon, which increases concentration of glucose in the blood

29
Q

testis

A

secretes testosterone, causes the development of male secondary sexual characteristics

30
Q

ovary

A

secretes oestrogen, causes the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and helps in the control of the menstrual cycle

31
Q

adrenaline

A

a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, which prepares the body for fight or flight

32
Q

tropism

A

growth response by plant. in which the direction of growth is related to the direction of the stimulis

32
Q

nervous system

A
  1. made up of NEURONES
  2. info transmitted in the form of ELECTRICAL IMPULSES
  3. impulses transmitted along NEURONES
  4. impulses travel quickly, so action is fast
  5. effect of a nerve impulse lasts for a short time
32
Q

phototropism

A

a response in which part of a plant grows towards or away from the direction from which light is coming

33
Q

endoctrine system

A
  1. made up pf GLANDS
  2. info transmitted in the form of CHEMICALS called HORMONES
  3. chemicals carried in the BLOOD PLASMA
  4. chemicals travel slowly, action slower
  5. effect of hormone may last longer
34
Q

gravitropism

A

a response in which part of a plant grows towards or away from gravity

35
Q

auxin

A
  • made by cells on the tips of shoots
  • diffuses downwards
  • plant hormone
  • causes shady side cells to elongate
  • always bends towards light

Biology (4 decks)

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