ch 1 - characteristics & classification of living things

Question 1

organism

Answer 1

a living thing

Question 2

movement

Answer 2

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

Question 2

respiration

Answer 2

the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

Question 3

metabolism

Answer 3

the chemical reactions that take place in living organisms

Question 4

sensitivity

Answer 4

the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

Question 5

growth

Answer 5

a permanent increase in size and dry mass

Question 6

dry mass

Answer 6

the mass of an organism after it has been killed and all water removed from it

Question 7

reproduction

Answer 7

the processes that make more of the same kind of organism

Question 8

excretion

Answer 8

the removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess requirements

Question 9

nutrition

Answer 9

taking in materials for energy, growth, and development

Question 10

common ancestor

Answer 10

a species that lived in the past, and is thought to have given rise to several different species alive today; for example, all mammals share a common ancestors

Question 11

species

Answer 11

group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 12

fertile

Answer 12

able to reproduce

Question 13

infertile

Answer 13

not able to reproduce

Question 14

binomial naming system

Answer 14

a system of naming species that is internationally agreed, in which the scientific name is made up of two parts the Genus and species

Question 15

genus

Answer 15

a group of species that share similar features and a common ancestor

Question 16

dichotomous key

Answer 16

a way of identifying am organism, by working through pairs of statements that lead you to its name

Question 17

kingdom

Answer 17

one of the major groups into which all organisms are classified

Question 18

organic substances

Answer 18

substances whose molecules contain carbon; in biology we normally consider organic compounds to be ones that are made by living things

Question 19

chlorophyll

Answer 19

a green pigment that absorbs energy from light; the energy is used to combine carbon dioxide with water to make glucose

Question 20

cellulose

Answer 20

a carbohydrate that forms long fibers, and makes up the cell walls of plants

Question 21

fungus

Answer 21

multicellular (yeast unicellular)
cells have nuclei and cells walls
no chlorophyll
feed by digesting waste organic material and absorbing it into cells
(eg. mushrooms)

Question 22

protoctist

Answer 22

multicellular/ unicellular
cells have nucleus, may have cell walls, chloroplasts
some feed by photosynthesis/ organic substances made by other organisms
(eg, seaweed)

Question 23

prokaryote

Answer 23

unicellular
no nucleus
cell walls, not made of cellulose
circular loop of DNA, which is free in the cytoplasm
have plasmids
(eg. bacteria)

Question 24

fish

Answer 24

vertebrates with scaly skin
gills
fins
eggs with no shells, laid in water

Question 25

amphibians

Answer 25

vertebrates with skin, no scales
eggs have no shells, laid in water
tadpoles live in water, adults live on land
tadpoles have gills for gas exchange, adults have lungs

Question 26

reptiles

Answer 26

vertebrates with scaly skin
eggs with soft shells

Question 27

birds

Answer 27

feathers, scales
beak
front two limbs wings
eggs with hard shells

Question 28

mammals

Answer 28

hair on skin
young develop in a uterus, attached to the mother by a placenta
females have mammary glands, which produce milk for young
different kinds of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars, molars)
pinna (ear flap)
sweat glands on skin
diaphragm

Question 29

crustaceans

Answer 29

arthropods with more than 4 pairs jointed legs
2 pairs antennae
lobster, crab

Question 30

arachnids

Answer 30

arthropods with
4 pairs jointed legs
no antennae
body divided into cephalothorax, abdomen
spiders

Question 31

myriapods

Answer 31

arthropods
body divided into segments
each segment has jointed legs
1 pair antennae
millipedes, centipedes

Question 32

ferns

Answer 32

plants with roots, stems, leaves
do not produce flowers
reproduce by spores under fronds

Question 33

flowering plants

Answer 33

plants with roots, stems, leaves
reproduce using flowers, seeds
seeds produced inside ovary, in the flower

Question 34

dicotyledons

Answer 34

they have seeds with 2 cotyledons
main root with side roots
leaves have a network of veins
petals in multiples of 4, 5
vascular bundles in stem, arranged in ring

Question 35

monocotyledons

Answer 35

they have seeds with one cotyledon
roots grow out directly from stem
leaves have parallel veins
flowers in multiples of 3
vascular bundles in stem, arranged randomly

Question 36

metamorphosis

Answer 36

changing from a larva with one body form to an adult with a different body form

Question 37

placenta

Answer 37

an organ that connects the growing fetus to it’s mother, in which the blood of the fetus and mother are brought close together so that materials can be exchanged between them

Question 38

mammary glands

Answer 38

organs found only in mammals, which produce milk to feed young

Question 39

diaphragm

Answer 39

a muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals, helps with breathing

Question 40

insects

Answer 40

arthropods with 3 pairs jointed legs
2 pairs wings (may be vestigial)
breathe through tubes called trachea
body divided into head, thorax, abdomen
one pair antennae

Question 41

arthropods

Answer 41

animal with jointed legs. no backbone

Question 42

kingdoms

Answer 42

animal, plant, fungus, protoctost, prokaryote kingdom

Question 43

vertebrates

Answer 43

animals with backbones - fish, amphibians, reptile, snakes, birds, mammals

Question 44

invertebrates

Answer 44

animals without backbones - arthropods - insects, crustaceans, arachnids, myriapods