CH 12 Flashcards
Schizoaffective Disorder
- Symptoms of schizophrenia & additional experience of a major mood episode (depressive or manic)
- Psychotic symptoms must also occur outside the mood disturbance
- Prognosis is similar for people with schizophrenia
- Such persons do not tend to get better on their own
DSM Criteria Schizoaffective Disorder
A. uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode; depressive or manic
B. delusions or hallucinations for 2+ weeks in the absence of a major mood episode
Delusional Disorder
delusions contrary to reality. Lack other positive and negative symptoms (erotomania, grandiose, jealous, persecutory, somatic).
Extremely rare
Better prognosis than schizophrenia
Delusional Disorder Types
- Persecutory Type: being conspired against, cheated, spied on, followed, poisoned or drugged, harassed
- Somatic Type: delusions that involve bodily functions or sensations. Cowards Syndrome: being eaten by bugs, etc.
- Mixed Type: no delusional theme predominates
Catatonia
1.Unusual motor responses, particularly immobility or agitation, and odd mannerisms
2. Tends to be severe and quite rare
3. May be present in psychotic disorders or diagnosed alone.
May Include: stupor, mutism, frozen body position, opposition or lack of response to instructions, repetitive, meaningless motor behaviors, mimicking others’ speech or movement
Psychotic Disorders due to Other Causes
- Psychosis may occur as the result of substance use, some medications and some medical conditions
- Knowing these causes is important for treatment (address underlying cause)
- Include: substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder. Psychotic disorder associated with another medical condition.
Genetic and Behavioral Markers of Schizophrenia:
Linkage and association studies endophentypes, schizophrenia is likely to involve multiple genes.
2. Behavioral Markers: smooth-pursuit eye movement: show reduced ability to track a moving object with their eyes. Relatives of schizophrenic patients also have deficits in this area.
Causes of Schizophrenia
The dopamine hypothesis: partially caused by overactive dopamine.
Drugs that increase dopamine (agonists) result in schizo-like behavior. Drugs that decrease dopamine (neuroleptics, L-dopa for parkinson’s disease
Problem: overly simplistic; many transmitters are likely involved
***High expressed emotion / Low expressed emotion
movement to de-instutionalize mental health patients by sending patients back to families or halfway treatment centers.
Low expressed emotion: quiet, non-judgmental. Usually patient will not relapse.
High expressed emotion family: judgmental, won’t take no for an answer, desire to integrate patient. not good, patient more likely to relapse. (approx 84%)
Mellaril Drug
Low potency - only generic available, cheap
Thorazine Drug
Low potency - one of the oldest, dopamine fighter
Prolix Drug
High Potency - older drug (used when Mellaril & Thorazine don’t work well).
Zyprexa Drug
Works for Psychosis anger, depression, eating problems, can cause type1 diabetes
Risperdal
Very potent, highly effective
Seroquel
Better hypnotic
Geodon
Powerful but causes DRESS (skin reaction that inflames the body and makes the patient severely sick)
Clozaril
Powerful drug that requires blood monitoring and could lead to paralysis
Rexulti
Antipsychotic with treatment effect on resistant depression
Tardive Disconesia
weird, abnormal physical ticks associated with schizophrenia
