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Ch 12 Flashcards

1
Q

An new system arose in the medieval Europe

A

Feudalism

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2
Q

What is feudalism?

A

A way of life based upon ownership and use of land

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3
Q

The feudal system of the middle ages was centered on a

A

Fief a piece of land held by one man, a Lord, who permitted another man a vassal who used in return for certain promised services

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4
Q

At the top of every feudal system in each western Europe kingdom was a

A

King

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5
Q

Part of this land called the Royal or____________ He kept for Personal use the rest he distributed as fiefs to high Nobles, such as Dukes counts earls or barons

A

Crown land

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6
Q

These nobles in return promised to provide the king a specified number of

A

Knights

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7
Q

Chivalry

A

The code of conduct for nobility and knights

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8
Q

For identification purposes, each noble family had_______ certain colorful and unique symbols, emblems and designs displayed on armor, shields, and banners

A

Heraldry

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9
Q

People can learn about a man’s family background by his_______ a families distinct display of heraldry

A

Coat of arms

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10
Q

With invasions and warfare prevalent nobles would build heavy fortified dwellings called_________ the Latin word_____________ a military camp

A

A castle Castra

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11
Q

A joust

A

Two knights fought to knock each other off their horses

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12
Q

Groups of nights that fought a mock battle that lasted a day and took over the whole countryside

A

A tournament

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13
Q

A favorite kind of hunting

A

Falconry

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14
Q

The nobles were also entertained by __________ Musicians who played simple string instruments, and sing ballads of love and war

A

Minstrels

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15
Q

During the middle ages

A

The vast majority of people in Europe did not live in castles and had no time or energy for games

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16
Q

They worked as farmers on the________ states that belong to the nobles ranging in size from a few hundred to several thousand acres

A

Manors

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17
Q

The farmers of the manors called ____ or peasants lived in villages of 10 to 50 families located near the center of the manors

A

Serfs

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18
Q

The serfs had to work two to 3
days each week in the Lords fields

A

The demesne

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19
Q

The sreward

A

Supervised the overall running of the manor and acted as judge in the manors court

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20
Q

The bailiff

A

Supervised the cultivation of the Lords demesne elected, and inspected the serfs work

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21
Q

Proclaiming what was called the ______ The church for bid fighting from Friday through Sunday of each week

A

Truce of God

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22
Q

The church also employed________ in which priest denied the sacraments Two persons who robbed churches took a serfs property or killed noncombatants during battles

A

Peace of God

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23
Q

During the middle ages, people in the Roman church made________ to certain holy places in an effort to prove their piety

A

Pilgrimages

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24
Q

The Byzantine emperor turned to Western Europe for help and in_____ pope_____ responded by proclaiming the beginning of_____ from Lat______ cross for the stated purpose of capturing the holy land from the Muslims in holding it for Christendom

A

1095
Urban the second
Crusades
Crux

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25
Throughout western Europe, men put cloth crosses on their garments and prepared to battle. The Muslims also called the.
Saracens
26
Emotions were so high that before the first official crusade had begun a group of 15,000 to 20,000 people most simple farmers embarked on the
Peasants Crusade
27
Nevertheless, the official_____ which great European nobles, mostly French at the forefront, went forward
First crusade 1096 through 1099
28
Shocked western Europe responded with the______
Second crusade, 1147 through 1149
29
The pope called upon the energetic monk____ to preach of the need for Europeans to take up the cross again
Bernard of clairvaux
30
The fiery preacher persuaded two of Europe’s most powerful monarch of the day____ of France and______ of Germany to lead the crusade
Louis the seventh Conrad the third
31
The Muslims crew, stronger and more unified under their gifted leader____ the renowned Sultan of Egypt
Saladin
32
After the fall of Jerusalem, the pope proclaimed the______
Third crusade 1189 through 1192
33
The English king_____ jointed his French and German counterpart to lead what is remembered as the crusade of kings
Richard the first
34
The German king________ drowned in Asia minor prompting most of his soldiers to return home
Frederick Barbarossa
35
The French king_______ lead his man back to Europe after a minor victory for the Crusades at the Seaport of acre on the coast of Palestine
Philip Augustus
36
For his heroic exploits in Palestine, Richard was given the title of________ the_____
Coeur de lion Lionhearted
37
The ______ Never even reached the holy land, but instead plundered constable a city of Christian Dome
Fourth crusade 1202 through 1204
38
The pathetic______ occurred in 1212 when fanatical preaching instigated about 30,000 French children to march on the holy land
Children’s Crusade
39
By_____ Muslims were masters of the holy land again
1291
40
Many few towns called___ spring up the side fortresses
Burgs
41
Those living in these new communities became known as
Burghers
42
They constituted the rising_____ The class between the nobility and the peasants
Middle class
43
Back in Europe___ brought the merchants from many land
Trade fairs
44
As towns grew and trade expanded___ also developed
Guilds
45
Some cities combined to form trade alliances, such as the____ a confederation of northern German towns formed during the 13th century and eventually embracing some 85 cities
Hanseatic league
46
One of the earliest industries was the manufacture of wooden goods in_____ a low lying region located in western Belgium just across the English Channel from the British Isles
Flanders
47
A leading banking family, where the_____ who ruled France Italy in influenced European politics and economics from the 1300s until the 1700s
Medici
48
At the beginning of the middle ages, European architect developed a new architectural style called
Romanesque
49
In the later, half of the middle ages, they developed, particularly in northern Europe, a new style known as
Gothic
50
The cathedral of____ a reference to the Virgin Mary in Paris. France is perhaps the best example of Gothic architecture.
Notre Dame
51
The revived cities in towns of Western Europe were devastated during the 1300s by recurring outbreaks of the____ form of bubonic plague
Black death
52
It is estimated that between 1334 and 1351______ perished from the plague with other smaller outbreaks occurring in later years
1/3 to half of Europe’s population approximately 25 million people
53
The growing need for men, special training and such professions as law and lead to the founding of______ named after organizations of students and teachers of specialized subjects called
Universities and universtas
54
The first medieval university in____ Italy was bounded in 1060 as a central for the study of medicine
Salerno
55
The university of____ England, where John Wickcliffe official was founded in 1140 followed by the university of_____ in 1200
Oxford and Cambridge
56
The university of____ gain a great prestige between 1259 and 1281 with program and theology, law medicine, and philosophy
Paris
57
The oldest German university is the university of_____ founded and 1348
Prague
58
The medieval curriculum divided into two parts, the_____ Consisting of grammar rhetoric, the art of speaking and logic and the____ composed of Arithmetic , music, geometry, and astronomy
Trivium quadrivium
59
The medieval university were often called simply____ And their teachers and Pupils Became known as
Schools School man
60
Most schools were established under the auspices of the Roman church and took an approach to learning known as
Scholasticism an attempt to synthesize combine Greek philosophy, particularly the philosophy of Aristotle with Romanism
61
Anselm we represented the most biblical aspect of scholasticism his great philosophical aphorism ___expressed his conviction that faith in Gods word precedes rational understanding of spiritual truths
I believe in order to understand
62
Abelard believed in the all sufficiency of ____ to understand spiritual truths apart from divine revelation
Human reason
63
The two greatest scholastics were _____ an itilian and _____an Englishmen
Thomas aquinas 1225-1274 William of Ockham 1285-1349
64
His philosophy called___denied the totality of man’s sinful nature and his dependence upon God for everything
Thomism
65
The most outstanding scholar at Oxford university during the 14th century was ____
John Wycliffe 1320?-1384
66
An Englishmen Franciscan friar who emphasized observation and experimentation as the source of true knowledge about nature was a medieval forerunner of modern science
Roger bacon 1214?-1294
67
Believing that ordinary people should study the word of God Wycliffe ___ completed 1382
Began the first translation of the Bible into English
68
His followers were called ____ by their opponents
Lollards
69
For all his work John Wycliffe is known as the
Morning star of the reformation
70
Wycliffes writings found their way to ____in Central Europe were the modern Czech Republic is located there they helped ____ to see the light
Bohemia John Huss 1369-1415
71
His followers called ___ increased
Hussite
72
Hussites will translated the Bible into their common tongue and in 1501
The Hussites printed the first non catholic hymnbook in modern history
73
In 1380 ____a Dutch organized the
Gerhard groote Brethren of the common life
74
One reformer who expected hypocrisy in the Roman church was Jerome ____a Roman priest who lived in Florence Italy
Savonarola 1452-1498
75
One of the most famous early pupils of the brethren was Thomas a Kempis 1380-1471 whose devotional manual ____ remains a classic for Christian’s today
The imitation of Christ
76
The beginning of modern literature took place in the 13th century with the Italian ____whose ____ is one of the few pieces of medieval literature that is still widely read few poems have surpassed the beauty of his work
Dante Divine comedy
77
In the 14th century ____recognized as ____one of the first great works of literature in the English languages
Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury tales
78
This developed into the _______
Italian renaissance 1350-1600
79
The Italian renaissance revived an emphasis on the ____ subjects such as ____
Humanities History,grammar,rhetoric, and poetry
80
It was during this time that the words ____first began to be used
Humanism
81
The 14th century author ____called the father of humanism wrote his_____as if Homer Plato and others were still alive to receive them
Petrarch Letters to ancient authors
82
Another Italian author of the 14 century was____the first great writer of prose in a modern language
Boccaccio
83
Boccaccio is best known for ____a collection of 100 stories written during an outbreak of the Black Death advocating a philosophy of eat drink and be merry
The Decameron
84
The only book lasting importance produced by the Italian renaissance was ____ a book on politics written in 1513 by ____ few men have been gifted with a more
The prince Niccolo Machiavelli
85
Many of them were not artist themselves, but they displayed their appreciation of art as_____ people who use their own money to support the arts
Patrons
86
The art of painting was greatly changed throughout the efforts of the 14th century Florentine artist
Giotto
87
Before he died Giotto had covered many church walls in Italy with great paintings, including the famous
The last judgment
88
Who personified the new ideal man the ___ one who displays his talents in all fields
Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519 Renaissance man
89
As a painter, he is best remembered for his____ a portrait of an unknown woman with a mysterious smile
Mona Lisa Lisa
90
The ____ Leonardo portrayed Christ and his disciples in the upper room
The last supper
91
Who is known for his brilliant use of color?
Raphael 1483 through 1520
92
Among his most famous paintings are the
Sistine Madonna The school of Athens
93
His most famous paintings are on the ceiling and walls of the ____ at the Vatican in Rome
Sistine chapel
94
He is especially known for his marble statues, including those of the biblical leaders
David and Moses
95
Michelangelo is also considered to be the______ having written many excellent sonnets, and poems on a variety of subjects
Greatest Italian lyric poet of the 16th century
96
Who invented the movable type printing press about_____ in Mints Germany
Johann Gutenberg 1440
97
In ___ Gutenberg produced the first printed edition of the Bible the Vulgate it is called the_____ in his honor
1456 Gutenberg Bible

History (3 decks)

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