ch 12 Flashcards
example of genes having more that 2 alleles
ABO blood group
One of two or more alternative states of a gene.
allele
to have a mutation, regardless of if it appears in you or not
carrier
Describes a case in which two or more alleles of a gene are each dominant to other alleles but not to each other. The phenotype of a heterozygote for codominant alleles exhibits characteristics of each of the homozygous forms. For example, in human blood types, a cross between an AA individual and a BB individual yields AB individuals.
codominance
A single genetic cross involving two different traits, such as flower color and plant height.
dihybrid cross
An allele that is expressed when present in either the heterozygous or the homozygous condition.
dominant
Interaction between two nonallelic genes in which one of them modifies the phenotypic expression of the other.
epistasis
The offspring resulting from a cross between a parental generation (P); in experimental crosses, these parents usually have different phenotypes.
F1
The offspring resulting from a cross between members of the first filial (F1) generation.
F2
The genetic constitution underlying a single trait or set of traits.
genotype
different alleles from each parent
heterozygous
identical allele from both parents
homozygous
combining different traits of a living thing
hybridization
Describes a case in which two or more alleles of a gene do not display clear dominance. The phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the homozygous forms. For example, crossing red-flowered with white-flowered four o’clocks yields pink heterozygotes.
incomplete dominance
Mendel’s Second Law of Heredity, genes located on nonhomogolous chromosome assort independantly of one another
Law of independent assortment
alternative alleles for the same gene segregate from eachother in production of gametes
a cross that follows only a single trait with 2 variations
monohybrid cross
Parents, 2 seperate things that cross fertelize
p generation
The realized expression of the genotype; the physical appearance or functional expression of a trait.
phenotype
a single gene can affect more than one trait
pleiotropy
more than one gene can affect a single trait
polygenic inherintence
table using P (dom) and p (recessive) to detail trait heredity
Punnett Square
An allele that is expressed only when present in the homozygous condition, but is “hidden” by the expression of a dominant allele in the heterozygous condition.
recessive
noticeable or non noticeable mutations or other quirks that are passed down from parents
trait
