ch 11 Flashcards
A haploid reproductive cell.
Gamete
Any of the cells of a multicellular organism except those that are destined to form gametes (germ-line cells).
Somatic Cell
The diploid (2n) cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes (fertilization).
Zygote
The fusion of two haploid gamete nuclei to form a diploid zygote nucleus.
Fertilization
The first round of cell division in meiosis; it is referred to as a “reduction division” because homologous chromosomes separate, and the daughter cells have only the haploid number of chromosomes
Meiosis I
The second round of division in meiosis, during which the two haploid cells from meiosis I undergo a mitosis-like division without DNA replication to produce four haploid daughter cells.
Meiosis II
In a dihybrid cross, describes the random assortment of alleles for each of the genes. For genes on different chromosomes, this results from the random orientations of different homologous pairs during metaphase I of meiosis. For genes on the same chromosome, this occurs when the two loci are far enough apart for roughly equal numbers of odd- and even-numbered multiple crossover events.
Independent Assortment
The accurate segregation of homologues during meiosis I without the formation of chiasmata between homologues.
segregation
The process of producing offspring through an alternation of fertilization (producing diploid cells) and meiotic reduction in chromosome number (producing haploid cells).
sexual reproduction
In meiosis, the exchange of corresponding chromatid segments between homologous chromosomes; responsible for genetic recombination between homologous chromosomes.
crossing over
The morphology of the chromosomes of an organism as viewed with a light microscope
karyotype
a pattern of alteration between diploid and haploid chromosome numbers, but there is some variation
life cycle
the actual location of the gene on a region of a chromosome.
locus
variation of random distribution of chromosomes
genetic variation
