Ch. 12 Flashcards
Plain Architecture
Focus on message || Rembrandt van Rijm
Baroque architecture
Extravagant, impressive, showed power || Peter Paul Rubens
Politiques and examples
Religious unity
- Elizabeth I
- Henry IV
Non examples of Politiques
- Mary I
- Philip II
- Oliver Cromwell
Factors that led to Protestant persecution in France
- King Francis I captured
- Affair of the Placards
- Edict of Fontainebleau
- Edict of Chateaubriand
Competing families in France after the death of Henry II
- Bourbons
- Montmorency
- Guise
Characteristics and facts about French Protestants
- Huegenotes
- .15%
- Aristocracy
What started the French Wars of Religion?
1562; Massacre at Vassy
Effects of St. Germain-en-Laye
Protestants had control over the monarchy
Facts about St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
August 24, 1572 •3,000 Protestant leaders killed •20-30,000 likewise murdered •Backfired on Catholics •Gained sympathy for Protestants in France
Facts about Henry IV of France
First Protestant monarch
“Paris is worth a mass”
Catholicism = religion of France
Protestants have rights
Facts about the Edict of Nantes
Declared Catholicism Henry IV Religious compromise Criticized creating state in state Protestants granted freedoms
Preconditions of the Thirty Years War
Decentralized HRE
Religious division
Calvinism and the Palatinate
Maximilian of Bavaria
Climax of the Spanish/English hostilities
1558; Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Things that led to the conflict with Spain
1567; the Spanish Netherlands 1570; Elizabeth "excommunicated" 1572; English Pirating 1572; St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre 1585; Treaty of Nonsuch
Characteristics of Philip II
Reclusive
Managed kingdom with pen and paper
Pious, devoted Catholic
Knew personal sorrows
Condition of the Spanish economy
Lack of goods and supplies and goods, inflation
The Compromise
1564; Philip II tried to encore decrees of Council of Trent
Led to pledge to resist the decrees of The Council of Trent
Philip II reign policy and action during 1st half of reign
Focused on Mediterranean, defeat Ottoman Empire
2nd half; western conflicts
Perpetual Edict of 1577
Withdrew Spanish forces from Netherlands
Major area of resistance that prevented Spanish world empire
Netherlands
Successors of Edward VI
Jane Seymour, Mary I
Mary I and her reign
Repeals Protestant acts
“Marian Persecutions” 287 killed
“Marian Exiles”
Married to Philip II
John Knox
Marian Exile, founder of Presbyterian Protestantism in Scotland
Religious extremists who threatened the reign of Elizabeth I
Jesuits
Spain
Mary Queen of Scots
Puritans
Facts about the Elizabeth Settlement
Compromise between Protestants and Catholics Protestants get message Catholics get physical characteristics Politique "Good Queen Bess"
Thirty-Nine Articles
Moderate Protestantism = Church of England
Puritans, Presbyterians, & Congregationalists
England’s version wasn’t real, Presbyterians = semi autonomous congregations,
Congregationalists = complete autonomy
Conventicle Act
Any religious separatists weren’t allowed in England
Reasons why Pope Sixtus V supported Spain against England
He wanted to restore England to Catholicism, but he didn’t trust Philip II
Significance of the defeat of the Spanish Armada
Began the end of power in Spain, huge Protestant win
Key players in the French Wars of Religion
Charles IX
January Edict (1562)
Massacre at Vassy
“Ecclesiastical Reservation”
Can’t take lands and change their religion
Phases if the Thirty Years’ War
Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, Swedish French
The Defenestration of Prague
1618; equal to Massacre at Vassy, first violent act
Political situation of Germany in the 16th century
The HRE was a mess
Significance of Bavaria during the Thirty Years’ War
It was a major Catholic power
Place of outbreak of the Thirty Years’ War
Bohemia
Importance of Germany for merchants and traders
It was their “highway”
Peace of Prague
Brought Swedish period to an end
Depopulation in Germany because of the Thirty Years’ War
1/3 killed
Battle of Breitenfeld
Protestant Swedish victory
Facts about the Treaty of Westphalia
1648 Written in French Reaffirmed Peace of Ausburg Calvinism granted legal recognition Switzerland and Netherlands = independent Austria and Prussia = most powerful
Actions of Ferdinand, King of Bavaria
Revoked freedoms of Bohemian Protestants
Reasons for beginning the Thirty Years’ War
Protestant nobility revolt against an unpopular king
Edict of Testitution
1629; Catholic safeguards restored
Territory that was Catholic before 1522 has to go back to them
Red flag, Catholics trying to dominate
Defense alliance of Palatinate Calvinists- ?
John George of Saxony, Maximilian of Bavaria, Ferdinand
