Ch. 11 Flashcards
Proponents/allies of reforming the Catholic Church
Free imperial towns, trade guilds, towns people, the laity, the peasantry
Birthplace of the Reformation
Germany and Switzerland
Contributing factors to criticism of the church
More knowledge; travel, postal systems, books and libraries
Common goal of lay religious movements
Imitation of Christ; The New Testament Model
Ideology of the Brothers of the Common Life
Life of prayer and study outside of church
Imitation of the Christ
Thomas à Kempis; Summarized philosophy of the Brothers of the Common Life
Martin Luther
Son of miner, parents wanted him a lawyer, becomes Monk
Salvation according to the Medieval Church
WORKS + GRACE = SALVATION; joint venture between man and God
Doctrine and Indulgences
Treasury of Merit, Pope Leo X and Jubilee Indulgence to finish St. Peter’s Basilica || Johann Tetzel- “When a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from Purgatory sings”
95 Thesis
October 31, 1517 Complaint about indulgences, written in Latin, humanists translated it in the vernacular
Literary works of Martin Luther
95 Thesis, Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, Babylonian Captivity, Freedom of a Christian
Diet of Worms
April 1521, Charles V tells him to recant his works
Martin Luther’s views on salvation
Belief/Faith = Works = Grace = Salvation || Justification by faith alone
Peace of Ausburg
1555, “Cuius regio, eius regio”, Princes could choose their own religion, end of German Reformation
Reaction to the German Peasants revolt
“Against the Murderous and Thieving Hordes of Peasants” is written, 70-100,000 peasants slaughtered, no one supported it
Diet of Ausburg
1530, Protestants ordered to reconvert to Catholicism, Charles V
Schmalkaldic League
1531, defense alliance of Protestants
Leader of Reformation in Zurich
Zwingli
Point of contention between Luther and Zwingli
Eucharist and Transubstantiation; Luther = for it Zwingli = symbolic
Anabaptists
Conrad Grebel, adult baptism, made up of agrarian class
John Calvin
Calvinism, from France, Settled in Geneva Switzerland, wrote “Institutes of the Christian Religion”, predestination, set up theocracy
Lutheranism in Denmark
Introduce by King Christian II
Religious significance of Magdeburg
Safe haven for persecuted Protestants
Henry VIII
“Defender of the Faith”, had 6 wives Tutor Dynasty, Thomas Woolsey, attacked Martin Luther with the 7 Sacraments
Wives of Henry VIII
Aragon, Boleyn, Seymour, Cleves, Howard, Parr
The King’s “Great Matter”
He was married to Catherine of Aragon, wanted Anne Boleyn
Reformation Parliament
1529-1536; make Henry VIII head of the Church of England for his annulment
Act of Succession
1534; disinherits Mary to the throne, children with Boleyn will be successors
Act of Uniformity
Imposed “Book of the Common Prayer”, used in all Church of England parishes
Act of Supremacy
1534; Henry VIII supreme head of Church of England
Tudor Monarchs (in order)
Henry VII (1485-1509), Henry VIII (1509-47), Edward VI (1547-53), Jane Seymour, Mary I (1553-58), Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Six Articles
“Whip With 6 Stings”, attacked Protestantism, Henry VIII was still Catholic
Jesuits
Ignatius of Loyola, Counter Reformation period, self mastery
Ingnatius of Loyola
Founder of Jesuits
Council of Trent
1545 and 1563; Pope Paul III, internal church disciple, didn’t made doctrine concessions
Protestants and marriage
Clergy can marry, divorce = allowed
Marriage prior to Reformation
Clergy couldn’t marry, divorce = not allowed
Contributing factors to Wet Nursing
Husbands didn’t like it, church forbade it, meant you were upper class, vanity and convienence
Miguel de Cervantes
Don Quixote, giants = windmills, Soncho Panza, idealism vs. realism, chivalry and feudal times || went to jail, slave, soldier, no formal education
William Shakespeare
Richard III, tragedies and comedies, “The King’s Men”, conservative, no religion, wrote during reign of Elizabeth I
