Ch 112 - Penis and Prepuce Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the penis contains the urethra?

A

Corpus spongiosum

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2
Q

Which part of the penis is most responsible for expansion during erection?

A

Bulbus glandis

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3
Q

What is another name for the os penis?

A

Baculum

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4
Q

List the extrinsic muscles of the penis

A
  • Retractor penis
  • Ischiocavernosus
  • Bulbospongiosus
  • Ischiourethralis
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5
Q

What is the physiologic cause of erection?

A
  • Parasympathetic stimulation causes profound increase of bloodflow through internal pudendal artery
  • Engorgement of cavernous bodies due to expansion of arteries and contraction of veins
  • Dorsal penile vein is compressed against ischial arch due to contraction os ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles
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6
Q

What occurs to the prepuce at puberty?

A
  • Seperation of the prepuce from the penis and break down of the ventral frenulum under androgenis influence
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7
Q

What is hypospadia?
What breed is overrepresented?
What are the various types?

A
  • Failure of fusion of the urogenital folds and incomplete formation of the penile urethra
  • Boston Terriers
  • Glandular, penile, scrotal, perineal, analD
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8
Q

What is the treatment for hypospadia?

A

Excision of preputial and penile remnants, bilater orchiectomy and enlargement/maintenance of the uerthral orifice in the scrotal or perineal region (urethrostomy)

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9
Q

What is the most common consequence of an os penis deformity?
How is it treated?

A

Deformities usually form as an abnormal pronounced curvature and subsequently may not be able to retract the penis

Tx:
- Stranigtening may be possible with Fx
- Partial penile amputation

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10
Q

List the Tx options for an os penis Fx

A
  • Conservative
  • U-cath
  • Finger plate
  • Partial penile amputation
  • Scrotal urethrostomy if urethral obstruction
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11
Q

What breeds are overrepresented for persistent penile frenulum?

A
  • Cocker Spaniels
  • Min Poodles
  • Pekingese
  • Mixed breeds
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12
Q

List the most common types of penile tumours

A
  • TVT
  • Papilloma
  • SCC
  • mastocytoma
  • HSA
  • OSA of os penis
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13
Q

List the Tx options for penile tumours

A
  • Partial penile amputation
  • Ablation of external genitalia and scrotal urethrosctomy
  • More extensive amputation and perineal urethrostomy

TVT may respond to radiation, IV or intratumoral chemo and surgery

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14
Q

What has been described with subtotal penile amputation to minimise skin irriation?

A
  • Anastomosis of urethra to preputial mucosa
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15
Q

List the surgical options for paraphimosis

A
  • Temporary ot permanent surgical enlargement of the preputial orifice
  • Phallopexy +/- preputial advancement
  • Partial penile amputation

Prognosis is guarded as recurrence is common, especially with congenital causes. May require partial penile amputation

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16
Q

What is phimosis?
What are potential causes?

A

Phimosis is the inability to protrude the penis.
Causes:
- Congenital - usually accompanied by distended prepuce and inability to urinate normally. Urine retention results in balanoposthitis
- Acquired - scarring from trauma, surgery, neoplasia

17
Q

What is the surgical treatment for phimosis?

A

Surgical enlargement of the preputial orifice
- V-shaped incision on the dorsal (dogs) or ventral (cats) surface of the prepuce
- Full thickness wedge resected and mucosa sutured to skin
- May need to be repeated when animal is fully grown

18
Q

List the most common preputial masses

A
  • MCT
  • SCC

Removal may require reconstruction with oral mucosa and skin flap in staged procedure, or partial penile amputation and urethrostomy

19
Q

What is the main surgical Tx of preputial hypoplasia?

A
  • Preputial advancement

Prognosis guarded, often unsuccessful if more than 1.5cm of penis is exposed…
- May require phallopexy or partial penile amputation