Ch 1.1. Studying Life

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

the scientific study of organisms both living and after death with the goal of discovering and understanding the complex processes that make up life

Question 2

Nucleic Acid

Answer 2

molecules that could reproduce themselves and serves as templates for the synthesis of proteins

Question 3

liposomes

Answer 3

membranous structures responsible for the formation of the cellular membrane

Question 4

Prokaryotes

Answer 4

single celled organisms (ex: Bacteria)

Question 5

Bacteria and Archaea

Answer 5

the two main groups of prokaryotes

Question 6

Organelle

Answer 6

Internal membrane that encloses specialized internal compartments

Question 7

function of cellular specialization

Answer 7

enables multicellular organisms to increase in size and perform specific roles in an organism

Question 8

photosynthesis

Answer 8

transformation of sunlight energy into chemical energy

Question 9

Aerobic Metabolism

Answer 9

a biochemical process that uses oxygen to extract energy from nutrient molecules

Question 10

Anaerobic Metabolism

Answer 10

does not use oxygen

Question 11

genes

Answer 11

specific segments of DNA that encode the information used to build proteins

Question 12

DNA (DEOOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)

Answer 12

The genetic information that will specify what an organism will look like and how it will function. the “Blueprint”

Question 13

Genome

Answer 13

Sum total of all the DNA molecules contained in each of the organisms cells.

Question 14

Nucleotides

Answer 14

long sequence of four different subunits

Question 15

Dogma of Life (genetic code)

Answer 15

DNA! GENES! TRANSCRIPTION! TRANSLATION! AMINO ACID! PROTEINS.

Question 16

Mutations

Answer 16

genomic errors caused spontaneously or environmentally induced

Question 17

Populations

Answer 17

groups of individuals of the same type of organism that interbreed

Question 18

evolution

Answer 18

changes in genetic makeup overtime

Question 19

Natural Selection ( Charles Darwin)

Answer 19

differential survival and reproduction among individuals in a population. accounts for the effects of evolution

Question 20

Adaptations

Answer 20

traits that enhance an organisms chance of survival and reproduction in an environment. Natural selection led to adaptations

Question 21

Binomial

Answer 21

Genus species

Question 22

Protists

Answer 22

unicellular eukaryotes

Question 23

tissues

Answer 23

similar cell types that develop together

Question 24

Organs

Answer 24

Different tissue types that develop together to achieve specific functions ( Heart, brain and stomach)

Question 25

Organ system

Answer 25

multiple organ working together. esophagus, stomach and intestines are part of the digestive system

Question 26

Homeostasis

Answer 26

stable internal regulation of the body

Question 27

community

Answer 27

population of all the species that live and interact in a defined area

Question 28

ecosystem

Answer 28

community interacts with the environment