Ch 1.1. Studying Life Flashcards
Living organisms share similarities and a common origin
Biology
the scientific study of organisms both living and after death with the goal of discovering and understanding the complex processes that make up life
Nucleic Acid
molecules that could reproduce themselves and serves as templates for the synthesis of proteins
liposomes
membranous structures responsible for the formation of the cellular membrane
Prokaryotes
single celled organisms (ex: Bacteria)
Bacteria and Archaea
the two main groups of prokaryotes
Organelle
Internal membrane that encloses specialized internal compartments
function of cellular specialization
enables multicellular organisms to increase in size and perform specific roles in an organism
photosynthesis
transformation of sunlight energy into chemical energy
Aerobic Metabolism
a biochemical process that uses oxygen to extract energy from nutrient molecules
Anaerobic Metabolism
does not use oxygen
genes
specific segments of DNA that encode the information used to build proteins
DNA (DEOOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)
The genetic information that will specify what an organism will look like and how it will function. the “Blueprint”
Genome
Sum total of all the DNA molecules contained in each of the organisms cells.
Nucleotides
long sequence of four different subunits
Dogma of Life (genetic code)
DNA! GENES! TRANSCRIPTION! TRANSLATION! AMINO ACID! PROTEINS.
Mutations
genomic errors caused spontaneously or environmentally induced
Populations
groups of individuals of the same type of organism that interbreed
evolution
changes in genetic makeup overtime
Natural Selection ( Charles Darwin)
differential survival and reproduction among individuals in a population. accounts for the effects of evolution
Adaptations
traits that enhance an organisms chance of survival and reproduction in an environment. Natural selection led to adaptations
Binomial
Genus species
Protists
unicellular eukaryotes
tissues
similar cell types that develop together
Organs
Different tissue types that develop together to achieve specific functions ( Heart, brain and stomach)
Organ system
multiple organ working together. esophagus, stomach and intestines are part of the digestive system
Homeostasis
stable internal regulation of the body
community
population of all the species that live and interact in a defined area
ecosystem
community interacts with the environment
