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AmGov > Ch 11 - State And Local Gov > Flashcards

Ch 11 - State And Local Gov Flashcards

0
Q

The oldest written constitution still in force

A

Massachusetts

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1
Q

Constitution

A

A written plan which sets go a fork if government and establishes its basic principles

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2
Q

Which state had voters ratify its constitution

A

Massachusetts

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3
Q

Preamble

A

A short introductory statement telling why the constitution was written

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4
Q

Bill of rights

A

Provisions listing the basic rights of the people

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5
Q

Description of state government

A

Provisions for the three separate branches of state government

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6
Q

Description of local government

A

Provisions for local subdivisions if state government

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7
Q

General provisions

A

Provisions dealing with voting qualifications and elections, taxes and appropriation if funds, education, etc.

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8
Q

Provisions for change

A

Provisions dealing with the process by which the constitution may be amended or revised

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9
Q

Revision

A

Major change in a state constitution

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10
Q

Amendment

A

Minor change in a state constitution

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11
Q

4 steps of a constitutional convention

A
  1. Voters approve calling of convention
  2. Voters eject delegates to convention
  3. Delegates revise old constitution or propose a new one
  4. The voters ratify or reject the new or revised constitution
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12
Q

Initiative

A

The process by which voters propose an amendment

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13
Q

Referendum

A

An election in which the voters of a state approve or reject an amendment

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14
Q

Plurality

A

More votes then any other candidate receives

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15
Q

Impeachment

A

When the legislature removes the governor

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16
Q

Recall

A

When the voters remove the governor

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17
Q

Pardon

A

Free an offender from legal responsibility for a crime

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18
Q

Reprieve

A

Temporary postponement of a sentence

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19
Q

Commute

A

To reduce a sentence

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20
Q

Parole

A

Free a prisoner before his entire term has been served.

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21
Q

Ex officio

A

By virtue if office or position

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22
Q

Item veto

A

Power to veto only part of a bill

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23
Q

Executive orders

A

Orders that dictate how a law should be carried out

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24
Q

Only state with unicameral legislature

A

Nebraska

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25
Q

Reynolds v. Sims series of cases

A

The Supreme Court ruled that apportionment of both houses of state legislatures must be based upon population

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26
Q

Constituent powers

A

The power to propose constitutional amendments

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27
Q

Direct primary

A

Voters choose the political party’s nominee

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28
Q

Joint committees

A

Made up of members of both houses of state legislatures, help 2 houses agree

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29
Q

Mandatory referendum

A

When acts of the state legislature MUST be referred to the voters for approval or rejection

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30
Q

Courts of record

A

Courts in which a transcript is made of the trial proceedings

31
Q

Court clerk

A

Keeps courts records

32
Q

Bailiff

A

The police officer for the court

33
Q

Court of last resort

A

The highest court to which a case may be appealed

34
Q

County government

A

Largest unit of local government

35
Q

The states fundamental law

A

The state constitution

36
Q

3 states w/out Secretary of State

A

Utah, ak, Hawaii

37
Q

Attorney general

A

States chief legal officer, chief prosecutor

38
Q

Auditor or comptroller

A

Sees that funds are spent properly

39
Q

Baker v. Carr

A

Court ruled that federal courts could have jurisdiction in cases involving state apportionment

40
Q

Rural lowest state courts

A

Justice of the peace courts

41
Q

Justice of the peace

A

Minor offenses, no legal training, unpaid but keeps part of legal fees, popularly elected

42
Q

Urban lowest state court

A

Magistrate or police courts

43
Q

Magistrate

A

No jury, 4-6 year term, low salary, sometimes a lawyer

44
Q

Special small claims courts

A

For collecting small sums of money

45
Q

General trial courts

A

Second level of state courts

46
Q

Jury

A

A group of people selected to ascertain the truth on the basis of evidence presented to them

47
Q

Most common county board

A

Board of commissioners

48
Q

County assessor

A

Appraises taxable property within the county

49
Q

Clerk/recorder

A

Maintains county records and issues licenses

50
Q

County manager plan

A

Mirrors federal system

51
Q

Selectmen

A

Popularly elected board members that handle administrative matters between town meetings

52
Q

Incorporated

A

Designated as a legal governmental organization

53
Q

City charter

A

A legal document granted by the state which outlines a fork of government for the city

54
Q

Mayor council form

A

Popularly elected legislative council members

55
Q

Commission form

A

5 popularly elected commissioners, exec and leg branches

56
Q

Council manager form

A

Popularly elected legislative council appoints executive manager

57
Q

Zoning

A

Dividing a city into numerous zones and regulating the use of property in each zone

58
Q

3 types of zones

A

Residential, commercial, and industrial

59
Q

Annexing

A

Adding suburban areas

60
Q

Suburbs

A

Developed areas outside city limits

61
Q

Special districts

A

Districts that provide one or several government services but do not follow city and county lines

62
Q

General sales tax

A

Applies to the sale of most products

63
Q

Selective sales tax

A

Singles out specific items to be taxed

64
Q

Regressive tax

A

Places greatest burden on poor

65
Q

Progressive tax

A

Places greatest burden on rich

66
Q

Uniform tax

A

People pay a certain fixed percentage of profits

67
Q

Inheritance tax

A

Levied against a persons inherited share of an estate

68
Q

The chief source of income did local governments

A

Property tax

69
Q

Real property

A

Buildings, land, improvements on land and buildings

70
Q

Personal property

A

Personal possessions

71
Q

Tangible personal property

A

Visible and easily valued

72
Q

Intangible personal property

A

Bank accounts, stocks, bonds

73
Q

Higher value (market or assessed)

A

Market

74
Q

Severance tax

A

For the removal of natural resources

AmGov (10 decks)

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