Ch. 11- Pain Assessment Flashcards
Where does visceral pain originate?
Large interior organs.
What does visceral pain stem from?
-Direct injury or stretching.
What does visceral pain typically end in?
-itis
What is visceral pain?
Pain impulse transmitted by ascending nerve fibers along with nerve fibers of autonomic nervous system.
What can also be present with visceral pain?
- Vomiting
- Nausea
- Diaphoresis
What are sources of deep somatic pain?
- Blood vessels
- Musculoskeletal
A deep somatic injury may result from what?
- Pressure
- Trauma
- Ischemia
What is a source of cutaneous pain?
The skin.
What is cutaneous pain described as?
-Superficial: sharp, burning sensation.
What is referred pain?
Felt in one area, but originates from another area.
What is the rationale of referred pain?
Both areas are affected by the same thing?
Where may referred pain originate?
Visceral or somatic structures.
What is neuropathic pain?
Pain due to a lesion or disease in the somatosensory system. (less typical)
What does neuropathic impulses imply?
An abnormal processing of pain message that is difficult to assess and treat.
When is neuropathic pain often perceived?
Long after site or injury heals.
What is acute pain?
-Short-term and self-limiting, predictable
What may cause acute pain?
Surgery, trauma, kidney stones
What is chronic pain?
Pain continues for 6 months or longer.
What are acute pain behaviors?
-Involves autonomic responses and has protective purposes. (Ex: guarding, moaning, pacing)
What are chronic pain behaviors?
Persons with chronic pain may give little indication they are in pain.
(Ex: Changes in eating, sleep, interactions)
What should you use when doing an initial pain assessment?
OLDCARTS
How should you select pain assessment tools?
- Purpose
- Time involved in administration
- Pt. ability to comprehend and complete tool
What tools are more useful for chronic pain conditions or particularly problematic acute pain problems?
Standardized tools.
Pain scales are one-dimensional and are intended to do what?
Reflect pain intensity.
Pain rating scales can indicate what?
- Baseline
- Track changes and responses to treatment
What types of pain scales are there?
- Numeric rating
- Visual descriptor
- Visual analog
(Wong-Baker FACES Pain rating scale)
How should you document a pain assessment?
- Document chief concern in pt’s own words
- Use mnemonic (OLDCARTS) to obtain more HPI info
- Note if pain scale/tool is used
- Document interventions
- Reassess after one hour
- Utilize same scale/tool and review pertinent OLDCARTS components
- Assess for side effects of intervention used
