Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CHE 1111 > Ch. 11 Organic Molecules > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Organic Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

The study of compounds that contain the element carbon.

A

Organic chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Organic chemicals affect virtually every aspect of our lives including what?

A 
Clothing
Food
Medicines
Gasoline
Refrigerants
Soaps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

These are simple organic compounds do that contain just one or two carbon atoms.

A

Methane and ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A natural gas formed by the decomposition of organic material millions of years ago.

A

Methane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The alcohol present in wine and other alcoholic beverages.

A

Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

All organic compounds contain _____ atoms and most contain ____ atoms.

A

Carbon

Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carbon always forms ___ covalent bonds.

Hydrogen always forms ___ covalent bonds.

A

4

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Carbon can form which types of bonds with other carbon atoms?

A

Single
Double
Triple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Some compounds have ____ of atoms and some compounds have rings.

A

Chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Organic compounds may contain elements other than carbon and hydrogen. Any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen is called what?

A

Heteroatom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The common hereroatoms have non bonding lone pairs of electrons so that each atom is surrounded by ____ electrons.

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The most stable arrangement of organic molecules keeps ___ as far away from ____ as possible.

A

Groups

Lone pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

An atom surrounded by 2 groups is ____ and has a bond angle of ____.

A

Linear

180 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

An atom surrounded by 3 groups is _____ and has a bond angle of?

A

Trigonal planar

120 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

An atom surrounded by 4 groups and places these groups at the corners of a ____ which gives bond angles of approx. what?

A

Tetrahedral

109.5 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A solid line describing the shapes of molecules indicates what?

A

Bonds in the plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A wedge shape is used to show?

A

Bonds in front of the plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A dashed line is used to represent?

A

Bonds behind the plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An atom surrounded by ____ groups and 1 lone pair is ______ and has a bond angle of?

A

Trigonal pyramidal

Approx. 109.5 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An atom bonded to oxygen with 2 lone pairs is said to be what shape and have what bond angle?

A

Bent shape

Approx. 109.5 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

These structures are most often used for a compound having a chain of atoms bonded together rather than a ring.

A

Condensed structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two rules of condensed structures?

A
  1. All atoms are drawn in but the two electron bond lines are generally omitted
  2. Lone pairs on heteroatoms are omitted.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In order to interpreter condensed structures it is best to start on the _____ side of the molecule and remember carbon atoms must have ___ bonds.

A

Left

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

These structures are used for organic compounds containing both rings and chains of atoms.

A

Skeletal structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the three rules for drawing skeletal structures?

A
  1. Assume there is a Carbon atom at the junction of any two lines or at the end of a line
  2. Assume there is enough hydrogen around each carbon to give it 4 bonds.
  3. Draw in all heteroatoms and the hydrogen atoms directly bonded to them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

An atom or a group of atoms with characteristic chemical and physical properties. They contain a heterogram, a multiple bond or sometimes both.

A

Functional groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Functional groups determine a molecules what?

A
  • shape
  • properties
  • type of reaction it undergoes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 3 most common functional groups?

A
  • hydrocarbons
  • compounds containing a single bond to a heteroatom
  • compounds containing a C=O group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

These are compounds that only contain the elements of carbon and hydrogen.

A

Hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

These contain only C-C single bonds and no functional group.

A

Alkanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

CH3CH3- ethane- is an example of what type of hydrocarbon?

32
Q

These form a C-C double bind as their functional group.

33
Q

CH2=CH2 ethylene is an example of which type of hydrocarbon?

34
Q

These form a C-C triple bind as their functional group.

35
Q

HC_=CH acetylene is an example of which type of hydrocarbon?

36
Q

This type of hydrocarbon contains a benzene ring, a six members ring with 3 double bonds.

A

Aromatic compounds

37
Q

What are the 5 types of compounds containing a single bond to a heteroatom?

A
  1. Alkyl halides
  2. Alcohols
  3. Ethers
  4. Amines
  5. Thiols
38
Q

R-X structure
X= F, Cl, Br, I
x is a halo group

A

Alkyl halide

39
Q

R-OH structure

-OH is a hydroxyl group

40
Q

R-O-R structure

-OR is an alkoxy group

41
Q

R-NH2 or R2NH or R3N structure

-NH2 is an amino group

42
Q

R-SH structure

-SH is a sulthydryl group

43
Q

MAny different kinds of compounds containing a carbons oxygen double bond C=O is called what?

A

Carbonyl group

44
Q

Carbonyl compounds include what 5 types of atoms?

A
  1. Aldehydes
  2. Ketones
  3. Carboxylic Acids
  4. Esters
  5. Amides
45
Q

The type of atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon, _____, ____ it a _____ determines the specific class of carbonyl compound.

A

Hydrogen, carbon or a heteroatom.

46
Q

An _____ has a hydrogen atom bonded directly to the carbonyl carbon.

47
Q

A carboxylic acid contains an ____group bonded directly to the carbonyl carbon.

48
Q

An ester contains an ____ group bonded directly to the carbonyl atom.

49
Q

This is the force that exists between molecules.

A

Intermolecular force

50
Q

In organic compounds the intermolecular force is much ____ than those seen in ionic compounds which are held together by very strong interactions of oppositely charged ions.

51
Q

Organic compounds remember other covalent compounds in that they have a much lower _____ point and ____ points than ionic compounds.

A

Melting point

Boiling point

52
Q

Ionic compounds are typically in which physical state?

53
Q

Organic compounds are typically in which physical state?

A

Liquid

Some gases

54
Q

Polarity is determined by which two factors?

A
  1. Polarity of individual bonds

2. Overall shape of the molecule

55
Q

Polarity of an individual bond depends on the ____ of the atoms that form it.

A

Electronegativity

56
Q

This measures how much a particles atoms “want” the electron density in a bond.

A

Electronegativity

57
Q

A covalent bond is non-polar when?

A

2 atoms of identical or similar electronegativity are joined together.
C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar

58
Q

A covalent bond is polar when?

A

Atoms of different electronegativity are joined together. This bonds between carbon and common heteroatom (N, O and halogens) are polar bonds.

59
Q

The symbol o+ is given to ____ electronegative atoms.

Usually C or H

60
Q

The symbol o- is given to the ___ electronegative atom. Usually N O ora halogen.

61
Q

Hydrocarbons contain only ____ bonds making them _____ molecules.

A

Nonpolar

Nonpolar

62
Q

If the individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule the molecule is _____.

63
Q

If the individual bond dipoles do no cancel then the molecule is ____.

64
Q

“Like dissolves like” describes what?

A

Solubility

65
Q

What are 3 facts that describe solubility of organic compounds?

A
  1. Most organic compounds are soluble in organic solvents.
  2. Hydrocarbons and other nonpolar organic compounds are not soluble in water.
  3. Polar organic compounds are water soluble only if they are small (less than 6 carbons) and contain a nitrogen or oxygen atom that can hydrogen bond with water
66
Q

Most organic compounds are soluble in organic ______.

67
Q

Hydrocarbons and other nonpolar organic compounds are not ____ in water.

68
Q

Polar organic compounds are water soluble only if they are _____ (less than 6 carbons) and contain a nitrogen or oxygen atom that can hydrogen bond with water

69
Q

Which compounds exhibit the principles of solubility?

A
  • hexane
  • ethanol
  • cholesterol
70
Q

These are organic compounds needed in small amounts for normal cell function.

71
Q

Vitamins are classified on the basis of their _____ properties.

A

Solubility

72
Q

This type of vitamin dissolve in organic solvent but are insoluble in water.

A

Fat soluble vitamins

73
Q

This type of vitamin dissolves in water and has many polar bonds.

A

Water soluble vitamins.

74
Q

This is an essential component of the vision receptor in the eyes. It helps maintain the health of mucous membranes and the skin.

75
Q
  • This type of vitamin contains 20 carbons and a single OH group making it water soluble.
  • Because it is organic, it is soluble in organic medium.
76
Q

This is important in the function of collagen- a protein that forms the connective tissues of the skin, muscle, and blood vessels.
- it has 6 carbons and 6 oxygen atoms making it water soluble.

CHE 1111 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions