Ch. 11: Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism Flashcards
what is the primary form of dietary fat
triacylglycerols
also cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids, and fatty acids
what does hormone-sensitive lipase do
mobilizes lipids from adipocytes
what does lipoprotein lipase do
mobilize lipids from lipoproteins
what does VLDL do
transports newly synthesized trial glycerols molecules from the liber to peripheral tissues in the bloodstream
what does IDL do
picks up cholesterol esters from HDL
- VLDL remnant
what does LDL do
transports cholesterol for use by tissues
what does HDL do
revere transport of cholesterol
what do apoproteins do
control interactions between lipoproteins
what does HMG-CoA reductase do
primary enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol
what does LCAT do
catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters for transport with HDL
what does CETP do
catalyses the transition of IDL to LDL by transferring cholesterol esters from HDL
where are fatty acids synthesized
the cytoplasm
what are the five steps of fatty acid synthesis
activation, bond formation, reduction, dehydration, and second reduction
what is the only fatty acid humans can synthesize
palmitic acid
requires eight rounds of “synthesis” to form
where does fatty acid oxidation occur
in the mitochondria
when do ketone bodies fomr
during ketosis, a prolonged starvation due to excess acetyl-CoA
what occurs during Ketolysis
new acetyl-CoA is regenerated for use as an energy source in peripheral tissues
what organ uses an especially large amount ketone bodies for energy
the brain
where does protein digestion occur
the small intestine
what are cellular proteins catabolized
starvation conditions
how are amino groups excreted
through the urea cycle
