Ch. 11 Disorders of WBC and Lymphoid Tissues Flashcards
Ganulocytes
neutrophils and eosinophils
neutrophils
a granulocyte. primary pathogen fighting cells
eosinophils
a granulocyte. helps control allergic responses and fight parasites
monocytes/macrophages
antigen-presenting cells; create inflammatory mediations
basophils
release heparin, histamine, and other inflammatory mediatiors
lymphocytes
B-Cells, T-Cells, NK Cells
B-Cells
a lymphocyte. create antibodies. humoral-mediated immunity
T Cells
a lymphocyte. control immune response, specifically the cell mediated immunity
NK Cells
natural killer cells. innate/natural immunity
kill antigenic cells
leukopenia
decrease WBCs (leukocytes) which leads to an increase risk of infection.
causes of leukopenia
virus, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, HIV, AIDS, SLE, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, some cancers, etc.
neutropenia (agranulocytosis)
subtype of leukopenia
decreases in circulating neutrophil granulocytes
Aplastic anemia
failure of WBC, RBC, and pit production
infectious mononucleosis
Epstein Barr Virus ( transmitted by saliva)
MONO
creates WBC deficiencies
HIV
more susceptible to opportunistic infections because T Cell count is decreased so the immune system isn’t functioning
leukemia
malignant neoplasms of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
2 types : lymphocytic and Myelocytic
can also be acute or chronic
lymphocytic leukemia
mutation of lymphoid cell line
overproduction of abnormal immune cells which means the production of other cell types decrease
myelocytic
mutation of myeloid cell line
overproduction of abnormal monocytes or granulocytes which means the production of other cell types decrease. interferes with maturation of thrombocyte cell.
chronic leukemia
abnormal increase (proliferation) overgrowth of well-differentiated (mature) blood cells in the marrow.
The cells don’t function well and the progression rate of this kind is slow.
acute leukemia
immature and undifferentiated cells
- increase number of infections related to neutropenia
- increase bleeding related to thrombocytopenia
- increase fatigue related to decrease RBCs
Blasts
immature B cells
rapidly made means that they wont function normally
leukemia affects bone marrow activity which would cause…
- bone pain and risk of fractures (bone marrow is larger than normal)
- anemia (RBC production messed up)
- thrombocytopenia (platelet production decreases)
- immune suppression (WBC messed up)
Multiple myeloma
- most common form of myeloma
- malignancy of plasma cells (starts in marrow)
- affects several different areas of the body
in Myeloma B cells are…
thicker, abnormal
because myeloma produces abnormal antibodies….
- immune depression
- proteins increase blood viscosity
- infiltrate organs
myeloma patients complain of bone aches without relief. what is this due to?
proliferation of osteoclasts which breaks down bone
Hodgkin Lymphoma
- malignant B cells invade lymphoid organs
- associated with night fever and puritis (itching)
- spreads in predictable fashion
- Reed-Sternberg cells?
how is Hodgkin lymphoma treated?
chemo and radiation
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- B cell; T cell
- originates in the lymph nodes
- less predictable and more likely to spread to other body parts (dissemination)
treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma
chemotherapy and radiation
[T/F] Hodgkin lymphoma has a better prognosis than a non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
true
