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Exploring Medical Language > Ch 11: Digestive System > Flashcards

Ch 11: Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Inflammation of the appendix

A

Appendicitis

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2
Q

Condition of gallstones

A

Chloelithiasis

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3
Q

Inflammation of the gums

A

Gingivitis

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4
Q

Inflammation of the liver

A

Hepatitis

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5
Q

Abnormal condition of multiple polyps in the mucous membrane of the intestine, especially the colon.

A

Polyposis

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6
Q

Abnormal growing together of 2 peritoneal surfaces that normally are separated. This may occur after abdominal surgery.

A

Adhesion

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7
Q

Malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten which may damage the lining of the small intestine that is responsible for absorption of food into the bloodstream. This disease is considered a multi system disorder with varying signs and symptoms, including abdominal bloating and pain, chronic diarrhea or constipation, Steatorrhea, vomiting, weight loss, fatigue and iron deficiency anemia

A

Celiac disease

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8
Q

Chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue; commonly caused by alcoholismAnd certain types of viral hepatitis.

A

Cirrhosis

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9
Q

Abnormal backward flow of the Gastro intestinal contents into the esophagus, causing heartburn and the gradual breakdown of the mucus barrier of the esophagus

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

GERD

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10
Q

A tumor like growth extending outward from a mucous membrane; usually benign; Common sites are in the nose, throat, and intestines

A

Polyp

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11
Q

Surgical repair of the abdomen

A

abdominoplasty

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12
Q

Excision of the gallbladder

A

Cholecystectomy

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13
Q

Excision of the colon

A

Colectomy

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14
Q

Creation of an artificial opening into the colon

A

Colostomy

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15
Q

Suturing of the intestine

A

Enterorrhaphy

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16
Q

Creation of an artificial opening into the Ileum

A

Ileostony

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17
Q

Radiographic image of the bile ducts

A

Cholangiogram

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18
Q

Visual examination of the abdominal cavity

A

Laparoscopy

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19
Q

Visual examination of the rectum

A

Proctoscopy

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20
Q

Series of radiographic images taken of the large intestine nine after the contrast agent barium has been administered rectally

A.k.a. lower G.I. series

A

Barium enema

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21
Q

A test to detect a cold blood and feces. It is used to screen for colon cancer or polyps.

Also the floors to blood that is present but can only be detected by chemical testing or by microscope

A

Fecal occult blood test

FOBT

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22
Q

Pertaining to the abdomen

A

celiac

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23
Q

Difficult swallowing

A

Dysphasia

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24
Q

Pertaining to the abdomen

A

Abdominal

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25
Q

If physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines(G.I. track and accessory organs)

A

Gastroenterologist

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26
Q

Pertaining to the mouth and stomach

A

orogastric

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27
Q

Pertaining to under the tongue

A

Sublingual

28
Q

Abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

Ascites

29
Q

Frequent discharge of liquid stool

A

Diarrhea

30
Q

Waste from the Gastrointestinal track expelled through the rectum

A

Feces

31
Q

Gas in the Gastrointestinal track or expelled through the anus

A

Flatus

32
Q

Process of feeding a person through a tube

A

Gavage

33
Q

Vomiting of blood

A

Hematemesis

34
Q

Urge to vomit

A

Nausea

35
Q

To examine by hand; to feel

A

Palpate

36
Q

Involuntary wave like contractions that propel food along with the Gastrointestinal track

A

peristalsis

37
Q

inflammation of the stomach and intestines, typically resulting from bacterial toxins or viral infection and causing vomiting and diarrhea.

A

Gastroenteritis

38
Q

an instrument that can be introduced into the body to give a view of its internal parts.

A

Endoscope

39
Q

An x-ray procedure for diagnosing gallstones. The patient takes iodine-containing tablets by mouth for one night or two nights in a row. The iodine is absorbed from the intestine into the bloodstream, removed from the blood by the liver, and excreted by the liver into the bile.

A

Cholecystogram

40
Q

an endoscope designed to be passed through the anus in order to permit inspection, diagnosis, treatment, and photography especially of the sigmoid colon.

A

Sigmoidoscope

— called also proctosigmoidoscope

41
Q

a disease of the tongue.

A

Glossopathy

42
Q

the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

A

Metabolism

43
Q

This organ does the following:

  • secretes gastric juices, enzymes and hormones
  • regulates movement of food into the duodenum
  • Digest carbohydrates and proteins
  • absorption of small amounts of water, certain drugs and alcohol

The regions of this organ include:

  • fundus
  • body
  • pylori (including pyloric sphincter)
  • greater & lesser curvature
  • ruggae
A

Stomach

44
Q

A region of the stomach

Top of the stomach

A

Fund us

45
Q

A region of the stomach

Below the fungus and above the pylorus

A

Body

46
Q

A region of the stomach

Bottom of the stomach and houses gatekeeper # 4

A

Pylorus

47
Q

A region of the stomach

The colds that allow expansion of the stomach when empty.

A

Rugged

48
Q

3 types:

  • Longitudinal
  • oblique
  • circular

They churn and mix food into a soup like mixture called chime.

A

Muscles of the stomach

49
Q

A gland of the stomach that secretes gastric juices

Secretes mucus

A

Mucous cells

50
Q

A gland of the stomach that secretes gastric juices

Produces pepsin

A

Gastric glands

51
Q

A gland of the stomach that secretes gastric juices

Secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

A

Parietal cells

52
Q

a reflex controlled by the medulla oblongata

A

Vomiting

emesis

53
Q

“When the stomach is not working right…”

When the stomach lining breaks down

A

Ulcer

54
Q

“When the stomach is not working right…”

When the stomach protrudes from the a domino cavity into the thoracic cavity.

A

Hiatal hernia

55
Q

“When the stomach is not working right…”

A tube used to remove stomach contents

A

Nasogastric tube

56
Q

“When the stomach is not working right…”

Used to introduce food directly into the stomach

A

gastrostomy

57
Q

“When the stomach is not working right…”

Removes part or all of the stomach

A

Gastric resection

58
Q

This narrows the pylorus to keep food from leaving the stomach, characterized by projectile vomiting

A

Pyloric stenosis

59
Q

“When the stomach is not working right…”

Controlled by Vegus nerve

A

Gastric hyperactivity

60
Q

Is comprised of the following structures: (totals 20 feet)

  • duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • ileum (Includes gate keeper # 5 and Peyer’s patches)

Functions include:

  • Villa and microvilli both increase surface area of intestines in order to absorb more digested food
  • they just did carbs and proteins go to the liver for processing before being distributed throughout the body
  • secretes several digestive enzymes into important hormones
A

Small intestines

61
Q

And area of the small intestine

Receives chime from stomach, bio from gallbladder and pancreatic enzymes from pancreas.

The most digestion and absorption occur’s here.

A

Duodenum

62
Q

And area of the small intestine

The second, middle part of the small intestine

A

Jejunum

63
Q

And area of the small intestine

This area includes the:

  • ileocecal valve; Prevents reflux of waste from the cecum
  • Peyer’s patches; Lymphatic tissue that diminishes bacterial content of intestines
A

Ileum

64
Q

Prevents reflux of waste from the cecum

Gate keeper # 5

A

Ilececal valve

65
Q

Lymphatic tissue that diminishes bacterial content of intestines

A

Peyer’s patches

Exploring Medical Language (6 decks)

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