CH 11 - Development

Question 1

Developmental Psychology

Answer 1

the study of continuity and change across the lifespan

Question 2

Germinal Stage

Answer 2

period from conception to 2 weeks after conception

Question 3

Zygote

Answer 3

fertilized egg

Question 4

Embryonic Stage

Answer 4

starts at 2nd week after conception until 8th week after conception

Question 5

Fetal Stage

Answer 5

9th week after conception until birth

Question 6

Myelination

Answer 6

formation of fatty sheath around axons of a neuron

Question 7

Teratogen

Answer 7

any substance that passes from mother to unborn child that impairs development

Question 8

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Answer 8

developmental disorder b/c of mother’s heavy alcohol use during pregnancy

Question 9

Infancy

Answer 9

begins at birth and lasts b/w 18-24 months

Question 10

Motor Development

Answer 10

emergence of ability to execute physical actions

Question 11

Motor Reflexes

Answer 11

motor responses that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation

Question 12

Cephalocaudal Principle

Answer 12

(“top-bottom” principle) Tendency for motor skills to emerge ins sequence from head to feet

Question 13

Proximodistal Principle

Answer 13

(“inside-outside” principle) Tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the centre to the periphery

Question 14

Cognitive Development

Answer 14

process which infants & children gain ability to think & understand

Question 15

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 15

begins at birth & lasts through infancy (birth-2yrs). Using ability to sense and their ability to move to acquire info about the world

Question 16

Schemas

Answer 16

theories about the way the world works

Question 17

Assimilation

Answer 17

process of applying a schema to novel stimuli

Question 18

Accomodation

Answer 18

process of adjusting a schema to incorporate new info

Question 19

Object Permanence

Answer 19

understanding that objects exist even when they are not visible

Question 20

Preoperational stage

Answer 20

begins around 2yrs, ends 6 years. Develop preliminary understanding of physical world

Question 21

Concrete Operational stage

Answer 21

begins at 6yrs, ends 11yrs. Learn how actions or operations

Question 22

Conservation

Answer 22

understanding that many physical properties of object are not changed by the changes in the object’s appearance

Question 23

Formal Operational stage

Answer 23

final stage of cognitive development (around 11years). Learn abstract concepts

Question 24

Egocentrism

Answer 24

failure to understand that the world appears different to different people

Question 25

False-belief task

Answer 25

demonstrates that 3yo children fail to realize other ppl don’t always see what they themselves see

Question 26

Theory of Mind

Answer 26

understanding that the mind produces representations of the world & these representations guide behaviour

Question 27

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 27

range of things children cannot do by themselves but can do w/ guidance & instruction

Question 28

Joint Attention

Answer 28

ability to focus on what another person is focused on

Question 29

Social Referencing

Answer 29

Ability to use another person’s reactions as information about how they should think

Question 30

Primary Caregiver

Answer 30

emotional centre of infant’s universe

Question 31

Attachment

Answer 31

infant’s emotional bond with primary caregiver

Question 32

Attachment Styles

Answer 32

characteristic of patterns of reacting to the presence & absence of primary caregiver

Question 33

Temperament

Answer 33

biologically based pattern of attentional & emotional reactivity

Question 34

Internal Working Model

Answer 34

set of beliefs about the way relationships work

Question 35

Adolescence

Answer 35

begins with onset of sexual maturity & lasts until beginning of adulthood

Question 36

Puberty

Answer 36

onset of bodily changes associated with sexual maturity

Question 37

Primary Sex Characteristics

Answer 37

bodily structures that change at puberty & are directly involved in reproduction

Question 38

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Answer 38

bodily structure that change at puberty but not directly involved in reproduction