Ch 11: Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards
The most common atrial septal defect (90%); It usually occurs in the middle portion of the septum
ostium secundum
Atrial septal defect which occurs near the endocardial cushions and is associated with clefts in the leaflets of the mitral and/or tricuspid valve
ostium primium
Which atrial septal defect is most associated with Down syndrome?
ostium primium
Septal defects start off as ___ to ___ shunts
left to right shunts
A previously asymptomatic patient with a history of an unrepaired ventricular septal defect presents with dyspnea, JVD, and cyanosis. Initial 1. ___ to ___ shunting led to 2.______ hypertension which led to increased 3____ ____ pressure, reversal of shunting, and the patient’s current symptoms
- left to right
- pulmonary
- right ventricular
The development of late cyanosis due to reversal of shunting from left-to-right to right-to-left is known as what syndrome?
Eisenmenger syndrome
Hypertension in the upper extremities with low blood pressure and weak or absent pulses in the lower extremities are presenting symptoms of which congenital abnormality?
coarctation of the aorta
With coarctation of the aorta the body tries to compensate for decreased blood flow by making use of the 1.____ circulation of the intercostal arteries. This typically presents as 2._____
- collateral
2. notching or scalloping of the ribs
Congenital defect presenting with early cyanosis where partitioning of the aortic and pulmonary trunks is absent or incomplete
Truncus arteriosus
A patient has early cyanosis, squatting sometimes relieves their symptoms, and a chest x-ray shows a boot shaped heart. Which congenital defect associated with right-to-left shunting does this patient have?
Tetralogy of fallot
The 4 main characteristics of tetralogy of fallot are
- pulmonary stenosis
- ventricular septal defect
- dextroposition of the aorta
- right ventricular hypertrophy
Patent ductus arteriosus involves a left-to-right shunt between the 1.___ and ____ artery. It is most common in children whose mothers were infected early in pregnancy with 2___ virus
- aorta and pulmonary artery
2. rubella virus
Transposition of the great vessels results in hypertrophy of the 1.___ ventricle and atrophy of the 2.___ ventricle. It associated with maternal 3.____ and survival with this defect requires the presence of 4.___
- right ventricle
- left ventricle
- diabetes
- shunts
Disorder characterized by irregular, opaque, gray white patches on the left ventricle endocardium as well as thickening of the LV endocardium
endocardial fibroelastosis
Coarctation of the aorta is commonly found in conjunction with what valve disorder
Bicuspid Aortic Valve
More prone to valve changes later in life (dystrophic calcification/stenosis/regurge)