Ch 10: Arteriosclerosis

Question 1

How can you differentiate arteriolosclerosis and atherosclerosis easily?

Answer 1

Arteriolosclerosis = arterioles narrowing

Atherosclerosis = intimal plaque obstructing flow

Question 2

hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking are what kinds of risk factors for what?

Answer 2

Modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis

Question 3

Age, gender, and genetics are what kinds of risk factors for what? Give me how each is risky?

Answer 3

Nonmodifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis

Age = # and severity of lesion increase with age

Gender = increased risk in males and postmenopausal females; estrogen is protective

Genetics = family hx is highly predictive of risk

Question 4

Types of arteries involved in atherosclerosis versus arteriolosclerosis?

Answer 4

Atherosclerosis = medium/large (abdominal aorta, coronary a, popliteal a, internal carotid a)

Arteriolosclerosis = small arterioles narrowing

Question 5

What are foam cells?

When do fatty streaks arise?

Answer 5

damaged endothelium of bvs allows lipid leakage into intima, macrophages consume the oxidized lipids (foam cells)

Flat yellow lesions of intima containing foam cells = fatty streak arise in early life (present in teens)

Question 6

4 main complications of atherosclerosis to worry about?

Answer 6

1. Stenosis of medium sized vessels = impaired blood flow >> ischemia (Peripheral vascular disease, angina, ischemic bowel disease)
2. Plaque rupture w/thrombosis results in MI (coronary a) and stroke (MCA)
3. Plaque rupture w/emobolization
4. Weakening of vessel wall results in aneurysm

Question 7

What are the two types of arteriolosclerosis?

Answer 7

hyaline and hyperplastic types

Question 8

What type of arteriolosclerosis is a consequence of long standing benign HTN or diabetes?

Answer 8

Hyaline

Question 9

What type of arteriolosclerosis is a consequence of malignant HTN?

Answer 9

Hyperplastic

Question 10

• proteins leaking into vessel wall produces vascular thickening
• classically produces glomerular scarring that slowly progesses to chronic renal failure
• end organ ischemia due to reduced vessel caliber
• Pathology??

Answer 10

Hylaine arteriosclerosis

Question 11

• thickening of vessel wall smooth muscle (onion skin appearance)
• end organ ischemia
• may lead to fibrinoid necrosis of bv with hemorrhage
• classically causes acute renal failure, flea bitten appearance

Answer 11

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis