Ch. 11 Flashcards
Endogenous
Inside, produced by the body
Exogenous
Outside, manufactured for the body
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
Gamma globulin produced by cells in the respiratory tract
Steroids
aka glucocorticoids aka corticosteroids, agents that produce an anti-inflammatory response in the body
Corticosteroids end in the suffix
-sone, -ide
Adrenal cortical hormones
Produced by the adrenal cortex
Glucocorticoids
Glucocorticosteroids
e.g. cortisol, corticosteroids used in pulmonary disease are all analogs of cortisol, or hydrocortisone
Mineralocorticoids
Regulate body water, aldosterone
Sex hormones
Androgens/ male
Estrogen/ female
Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis
(HPA Axis)
Pathway for release and control of endogenous corticosteroids
Stimulation of hypothalamus
Causes impulses to be sent to median eminence, where its corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is released
Exogenous corticosteroid agents can ________ the HPA axis and the adrenal gland.
Suppress
Aerosolized glucocorticoids
minimizes adrenal suppression by minimizing dose and localizing treatment site.
Diurnal steroid cycle production of body’s own glucocorticoids follows
circadian rhythm
Inflammation
Produces redness, swelling, heat, and pain
Triple response
Redness, local dilation of blood vessels occurring in seconds
Flare reddish color several centimeters from the site occurring 15 to 30 seconds from injury
Wheal local swelling occur in minutes
Leukocytic infiltration
White blood cells, (WBC) and migrate through capillary walls (diapedesis) in response to attractant chemicals (chemotaxis)
Increased vascular permeability
An exudate is formed in surrounding tissues
Corticosteroids end with
-sone or -ide
Asthmatic patient mast cells, recruited eosinophils, lymphocytes, or macrophages
Infiltrate the airway and release a range of inflammatory mediators
Systemic administration of steroids
Suppression of the HPA axis
(Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal)
Steroid, use hazards and side effects
Oropharyngeal candidiasis
(Oral thrush)
What to do use minimal dose, use reservoir, and rinse mouth after use
Clinical application of aerosol steroids
ICS have not been traditionally considered useful during acute severe asthma episodes
