Ch. 11

Question 1

Francis Galton

Answer 1

• conducted first research on the mind’s eye in the late 1800s through introspection
• self reports showed that ppl could inspect mental images like pictures
• widely different answers to reports

Question 2

Chronometric studies

Answer 2

Participants manipulate mental images and observe how long the manipulations take
- key is timing and focus

Question 3

Kosslyn (1976)

Answer 3

Asked participants to answer yes/no questions about their mental images

Question 4

Image-scanning procedures

Answer 4

Timing how long it takes to mental scan across a picture is directly related to how large the picture is

Question 5

Visual imagery

Answer 5

Understanding the “what” of an image, what an image looks like (color, size, shape)
- V1 area, where the visual system reaches the occipital cortex

Question 6

Spatial imagery

Answer 6

Understanding the “where” of the image, where objects are in relation to others
- posterior parietal cortex

Question 7

Mental rotation task

Answer 7

• mental images preserve spatial information in 3 dimensions
• specific & depth in our minds eye

Question 8

Binocular rivalry

Answer 8

• alternating btwn both eyes to see an image with 2 different presentations, right and left eye alternate in attention to visual input
• cannot combine visual inputs
• ppl are aware of one image at a time
• one eye dominates

Question 9

Visual acuity

Answer 9

Clarity of vision and ability to discern btwn objects in image
- dot test
- acuity reduced if dots not in center of vision

Question 10

Aphantasia

Answer 10

The lack of the ability to visualize images
- still have spatial awareness like with the mental rotation task

Question 11

Photographic or eidetic memory

Answer 11

• extremely detailed form of visual memory

Question 12

Long-term visual memory

Answer 12

• stored in piecemeal fashion
• images with more parts take longer to create
• based on prepositional and representational knowledge and works similar to long term memory
• priming, schematic knowledge

Question 13

Schematic retrieval

Answer 13

• Friedman (1979) pictures with consistent schemas are harder to notice difference
• violations of schemas are easier to notice

Question 14

Boundary extention

Answer 14

Information is added to picture that was not originally present, especially in the background

Question 15

Visual working memory

Answer 15

Is based on imagery and uses spatial and perceptual representations
- image scanning, zooming