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Intro To Business > Ch 11-13 > Flashcards

Ch 11-13 Flashcards

1
Q

Union

A

An employee organization that has the main goal of representing members in employee management bargaining over job related issues.

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2
Q

Craft union

A

An organization of skilled specialists in a particular craft or trade.

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3
Q

Knights of Labor

A

The first national labor union formed in 1869.

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4
Q

American Federation of Labor

A

An organization of craft unions that championed fundamental labor issues founded in 1886.

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5
Q

Industrial unions

A

Labor organizations of unskilled and semiskilled workers in mass-production industries such as automobiles and mining.

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6
Q

Congress of Industrial Organizations

A

Union organization of unskilled workers; broke away from AFL in 1935 and rejoined it in 1955.

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7
Q

Yellow-dog contract

A

A type of contract that required employees to agree as a condition of employment not to join the union; prohibited by the Norris-LaGuardia Act in 1932.

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8
Q

Collective bargaining

A

The process whereby union and management representatives form a labor-management agreement, or contract, for workers.

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9
Q

Certification

A

Formal process whereby a union is recognized by the National Labor Relations Board as the bargaining agent for a group of employees.

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10
Q

Decertification

A

The process by which workers take away a union’s right to represent them.

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11
Q

Negotiated labor-management agreement

A

Agreement that sets the tone and clarified the terms under which management and labor agree to function over a period of time.

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12
Q

Union security clause

A

Provision in a negotiated labor management agreement that stipulated that employees who benefit from a union must either join or pay the union dues.

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13
Q

Closed Shop Agreement

A

Specified workers had to be members of a union before being hired; outlawed in 1947.

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14
Q

Union Shop Agreement

A

Says workers do not have to be members of a union to be hired, but must agree to join the union within a prescribed period.

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15
Q

Agency Shoo Agreement

A

Says employers may hire nonunion workers; employees are not required to join the union but must pay a union fee.

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16
Q

Right to Work Laws

A

Legislation that gives workers the right, under an open shop, to join or not join a union if it is present.

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17
Q

Open Shop Agreement

A

Agreement in right-to-work states that gives workers the option to join or not join a union, if one exists in their workplace

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18
Q

Grievance

A

A charge by employees that management is not abiding by the terms of the negotiated labor-management agreement

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19
Q

Shop stewards

A

Union officials who work permanently in an organization and represent employee interests on a daily basis.

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20
Q

Bargaining zone

A

The range of options between the initial and final offer that each party will consider before negotiations dissolve or reach an impasse.

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21
Q

Mediation

A

The use of a third party, called a mediator, who encourages both sides in a dispute to continue negotiationing and often makes suggestions for resolving the dispute.

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22
Q

Arbitration

A

The agreement to bring in an impartial third party (single or panel) to render a binding decision in a labor dispute.

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23
Q

Lockout

A

An attempt by management to put pressure on unions by temporarily closing the business.

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24
Q

Injunction

A

A court order directing someone to do something or to refrain from doing something.

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25
Q

Strikebreakers

A

Workers hired to do the jobs of striking workers until the labor dispute is resolved (scabs).

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26
Q

Sexual Harassment

A

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that creates a hostile work environment.

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27
Q

Quid pro quo Sexual Harassment

A

Involves threats like “go out with me or you’re fired.” An employee’s job is based on submission.

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28
Q

Hostile work environment sexual harassment

A

Is conduct that interferes with a worker’s performance order Cesar’s an intimidating or offensive work environment.

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29
Q

Marketing

A

The activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, to partners, and society at large.

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30
Q

Marketing concept

A

A three part business philosophy: (1) a customer orientation, (2) a service orientation, and (3) a profit orientation.

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31
Q

Customer Relationship Management (CBM)

A

The process of learning as much as possible about customers and doing everything you can over time to satisfy them or even exceed their expectations with goods and services.

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32
Q

Four marketing P factors

A

Product
Price
Place
Promotion

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33
Q

Marketing mix

A

The ingredients that go into a marketing program: product, price, place, promotion.

34
Q

Product

A

Any physical good, service, or idea that satisfies a want or need plus anything that would enhance the product in the eyes of consumers, such as brand name

35
Q

Brand name

A

A word, letter, or group of words or letters that differentiates one seller’s goods and services from those of competitors.

36
Q

Promotion

A

All the techniques sellers use to inform people about and motivate them to buy their products or services.

37
Q

Marketing research

A

The analysis of markers to determine opportunities and challenges, and to find the information needed to make good decisions.

38
Q

Marketing Research Process

A

1) defining the question/problem/ opportunity and determining situation
2) collecting research data
3) analyzing research data
4) choosing the best solution and implementing it

39
Q

Secondary data

A

Information that has already been compiled by others and published in journals and books or made available online.

40
Q

Primary data

A

Data that you gather yourself (not from secondary sources).

41
Q

Focus group

A

A small group of people who meet under the direction of a discussion leader to communicate their opinions about an organization, its products, or other given issues.

42
Q

Environmental scanning

A

The process of identifying the factors that can affect marketing success.

43
Q

Consumer market

A

All the individuals or households that want goods and services for personal consumption or use.

44
Q

B2B market

A

All the individuals and organizations that want goods and services to use in producing other goods and services or to sell, rent, or supply goods to others.

45
Q

Market segmentation

A

The process of dividing the total market into groups whose members have similar characteristics.

46
Q

Target marketing

A

Marketing directed towards those groups (market segments) an organization decides it can serve profitably.

47
Q

Geographic segmentation

A

Dividing the market by cities, countries, states, or regions.

48
Q

Demographic segmentation

A

Dividing the market by age, income, education, level, religion, race, and occupation.

49
Q

Psychographic segmentation

A

Dividing the market using groups values, attitudes, and interests.

50
Q

Benefit segmentation

A

Dividing the market by determining which benefits l if the product to talk about.

Which benefits target market prefers and using that benefit for promotion.

51
Q

Volume segmentation

A

Dividing the market by usage (volume of use)

Who uses your product the most.

52
Q

Niche marketing

A

The process of finding small but profitable market segments and designing or finding products for them.

53
Q

One to one marketing

A

Developing a unique mix of goods and services for each individual customer.

54
Q

HRM

A

The process of determine human resource needs and then recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, compensating, and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals.

55
Q

Affirmative action

A

Employment activities designed to right past wrongs by increasing opportunities for minorities and women.

56
Q

Reverse discrimination

A

Discrimination against whites or makes in hiring or promoting.

57
Q

Job analysis

A

A study of what is done by employees who hold various job titles.

58
Q

Job description

A

A summary of the objectives of a job, the type of work to be done, the responsibilities and duties, the working conditions, and the relationship of the job to other functions.

59
Q

Job specifications

A

A written summary of the minimum qualifications required of workers to do a particular job

60
Q

Recruitment

A

The set of activities used to obtain a sufficient number of the right ppl at the right time.

61
Q

Selection

A

The process of gathering information and deciding who should be hired, under legal guidelines, for the best interests of the individual and organization.

62
Q

Contingent workers

A

Workers who do not have the expectation of regular full time employment.

63
Q

Training and development

A

All attempts to improve productivity by increasing an employee’s ability to perform. Training focuses on short term skills, whereas development focused on long term abilities.

64
Q

Orientation

A

The activity that introduces new employees to the organization; to fellow employees; to their immediate supervisors; and to the policies, practices, and objectives of the firm.

65
Q

On the job training

A

Training at the workplace that lets the employee learn by doing or by watching others for a while at imitating them.

66
Q

Apprentice programs

A

Training programs involving a period during which a learner works alongside an experienced employee to master the skills and procedures of a craft

67
Q

Off the job training

A

Training that occurs away from the workplace and consists of internal or external programs to develop any variety of skills or to foster personal development

68
Q

Online training

A

Training programs in which employees complete classes via the Internet.

69
Q

Vestibule training

A

Training done in classrooms where employees are taught on equipment similar to that used on the job.

70
Q

Job simulation

A

The use of equipment that duplicates job conditions and tasks do that trainees can learn skills before attempting them on the job
(Exact combination of conditions)

71
Q

Management development

A

The process of training and educating employees to become good managers and then monitoring the progress of their managerial skills over time.

72
Q

Networking

A

The process of establishing and maintains contacts with key managers in one’s own organization and other organizations and using those contacts to weave strong relationships that serve as informal development systems.

73
Q

Mentor

A

An experienced employee who supervises, coaches, and guides lower level employees by introducing them to the right people and generally being their organizational sponsor

74
Q

Performance appraisal

A

An evaluation that measures employee performance against established standards in order to make decisions about promotions, compensation, training, or termination.

75
Q

Fringe benefits

A

Benefits such as sick leave pay, vacation pay, pension plans, and health plans that represent additional compensation to employees beyond base wages

76
Q

Cafeteria style fringe benefits

A

Fringe benefits plan that allows employees to choose the benefits they want up to a certain dollar amount.

77
Q

Flextime plan

A

Work schedule that gives employees some freedom to choose when to work, as long as they work the required number of hours.

78
Q

Core time

A

In a flextime plan, the period when all employees are expected to be at their job station.

79
Q

Compressed workweek

A

Work schedule that allows an employee to work a full number of hours per week but in fewer days.

80
Q

Job sharing

A

An arrangement whereby two part time employees share one full time job.

Intro To Business (4 decks)

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