Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych Final > CH. 11, 12, 14, and 15 > Flashcards

CH. 11, 12, 14, and 15 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Personality refers to

A

an individual’s unique set of consistent behavioral traits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chad and Jeremy have a friendly rivalry brewing. They’ve been trying to see who can be more outgoing, upbeat, sociable, and assertive in their dealings with others. What prize would you award to whomever wins this contest?

A

The Extraversion Endowment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

According to psychoanalytic theory, the id operates on what principle?

A

Pleasure principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When considering internal conflict resolution, Freud assigned a prominent role to the impulses of

A

sex and aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

According to psychoanalytic theory, what does the defense mechanism of projection involve?

A

Attributing one’s own feelings, thoughts, or motives to another person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

According to Freud, what is the most basic and widely used defense mechanism?

A

Repression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

According to psychoanalytic theory, during which stage of psychosexual development does the Oedipal crisis take place?

A

Phallic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What psychodynamic proposal has been generally accepted by modern psychologists?

A

Unconscious forces can influence behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How would a behaviorist, such as B. F. Skinner, view personality?

A

Personality is a collection of typical patterns of responding to environmental stimuli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

An important aspect that distinguishes Bandura’s social cognitive theory from other behaviorist theories of personality is

A

social cognitive theory assumes that people are active learners.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

According to Albert Bandura, a person’s belief about her or his skills and ability to perform certain behaviors is known as

A

self-efficacy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the principal focus of the person-situation controversy?

A

The extent to which personality traits and situational constraints contribute to behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In humanistic psychology, incongruence refers to

A

a discrepancy between a person’s self-concept and that person’s actual experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the highest need in Maslow’s motivational hierarchy?

A

Self-actualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which dimension was given prominence in Eysenck’s personality theory?

A

Introversion-extraversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the best description of how genes influence personality traits?

A

Hundreds or thousands of genes exert small effects that eventually result in an identification of a trait.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

From an evolutionary perspective, what does the trait of extraversion signal to others?

A

An ability to bond well with others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sara has an inflated sense of her own self-worth. She exploits others for her own benefit, expects credit for doing nothing, and constantly craves being the center of attention. What personality trait summarizes Sara’s thoughts and behaviors?

A

Narcissism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is one of the principal goals of terror management theory?

A

To explain why people need self-esteem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Taking all of the available evidence into account, which conclusion regarding personality and culture is warranted?

A

The trait structure of personality is universal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of stereotype would people be using if they believed all professors are older men with beards and grey hair?

A

Occupational stereotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When Kelly started at a new school, she had a hard time making friends as it seemed everyone already had a set friend-group, and she was seen as an outsider. How is Kelly being categorized at her new school?

A

Being part of an outgroup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which of the following is an example of an external attribution?

A

Explaining someone’s job loss is a result of the COVID-19 pandemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Deshawn has gotten a scholarship for his academic performance. When his parents congratulate him they tell him they knew he could do it because he is so smart and get such good grades. Deshawn’s parents are using what type of attribution?

A

Internal, Stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A child who is normally easy-going and well-behaved has a temper-tantrum in a store, which is likely because they are cranky after missing their afternoon nap. Other people in the store who witnessed the tantrum comment that the child must be spoiled and is a ‘bad’ kid. How would the comments of the stranger be explained?

A

Fundamental attribution error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which of the following is more common in collectivist societies than in individualistic societies?

A

Putting group goals ahead of personal goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What hypothesis is based on the idea that people are more likely to date or marry people of an equal level of attractiveness?

A

Matching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which type of love is the most powerful in motivating change in thinking, emotion, and behavior?

A

Passionate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Liz has trouble in relationships and often has trouble with being afraid of rejection and feeling jealous. What type of attachment style is likely influencing Liz’s love relations?

A

Anxious-Ambivalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which of the following would be a positive effect of social networking?

A

Increased social capital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When people are asked about attitudes towards issues such as gun control respond that guns ”makes them sick,” what attitude component would this be?

A

Affective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which of the following is an example of an implicit attitude?

A

A dog trainer saying they like all breeds of dog, but avoids working with Pitbulls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In trying to persuade someone to change an attitude about a health issue, what would be considered a channel factor?

A

A message being delivered via a video on YouTube

34
Q

Ruth has been helping a professor with research where they have people perform a boring task and give them either $1 or $20 to lie and tell someone the task is interesting, which recreates earlier research. The participants who were only paid $1 rating the task as more interesting than the participants who were paid much more. What is the experiment Ruth is helping with testing?

A

Cognitive dissonance

35
Q

During the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people engaged in unexplained hoarding of toilet paper in the United States. What theory would explain this behavior as being the result of people believing they would not have access to toilet paper, causing them to want more of it?

A

Reactance

36
Q

What result did Milgram find that suggested people are more likely to obey authority figures?

A

The majority of participants continued ‘shocking’ participants as instructed even though they showed clear signs of being upset

37
Q

The bystander effect is best explained as

A

being caused by diffusion of responsibility.

38
Q

Which of the following best illustrates group polarization?

A

People in a jury change their initial vote after hearing the reasoning that other jury members give for their opinion.

39
Q

How does social loafing influence productivity?

A

Decreased efficiency

40
Q

In the Asch experiment, researchers were testing

A

conformity.

41
Q

Which statement best describes the medical model?

A

It is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease.

42
Q

Etiology refers to

A

the cause and developmental history of an illness.

43
Q

Bruno believes he is the king of Mesopotamia and demands complete obedience. How would clinicians categorize this type of abnormal behavior?

A

Deviant

44
Q

Your friend is constantly worried about his schoolwork even though he does well in school. He is nervous about his job performance, even though it’s never been an issue. He is often worried he made errors in standard social interactions. What is the most likely diagnosis he would receive from a clinician?

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

45
Q

Episodes of overwhelming anxiety that last for several minutes with physical symptoms such as shortness of breath and rapid heartbeat is most characteristic of

A

Panic disorder

46
Q

How are agoraphobia and panic disorder related?

A

They are both categorized as anxiety disorders.

47
Q

What psychological disorder is characterized by nightmares and flashbacks, elevated arousal, anxiety, and emotional disturbances?

A

PTSD

48
Q

Kira, who had a severe car accident and cannot remember her name or anything about her life when asked

A

Dissociative amnesia

49
Q

the experience of two or more personalities.

A

DID

50
Q

What is the best estimate for lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder?

A

15%

51
Q

After experiencing weeks of feeling hopeless and dissatisfied with life, Kerry has suddenly become extremely excited, energetic, and talkative. She seems to need less than normal sleep and gets irritated if someone interrupts her. Kerry’s behavior is indicative of

A

bipolar disorder

52
Q

Research on the etiology of depression suggests that

A

low serotonin levels are a factor underlying most forms of depression.

53
Q

Mr. Knudson, a CEO of a large business, falsely believed his secretary was a government spy photocopying sensitive documents. When he confronted her, he claimed that he was the president of the United States and would have her court-martialed. Given these symptoms, what type of disorder should this be classified as?

A

Schizophrenia

54
Q

Hallucinations are most likely to be associated with what psychological disorder?

A

Schizophrenia

55
Q

Since the mid-1990s, there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of autism. What is the most likely cause of this increase?

A

Greater awareness and broader diagnosis criteria

56
Q

Emilio has been divorced twice, has been fired three times, and is sexually promiscuous but lacks any true feelings for his partners. Emilio’s maladaptive behaviors best illustrate

A

antisocial personality disorder

57
Q

Which psychological disorder is characterized by instability in social relationships and self-image?

A

Borderline personality disorder

58
Q

Kari is of average height but only weighs 75 pounds. She has lost over 20 pounds over the past 7 months by eating very little, using laxatives, and exercising excessively. Kari could be suffering from

A

anorexia nervosa.

59
Q

Kelly loves cakes, pies, and other rich foods. She has started to pay attention to her weight gain, so when she overindulges, she feels guilty and immediately goes into the bathroom to vomit so she won’t continue to gain weight. What type of eating disorder best describes Kelly’s behavior?

A

Bulimia nervosa

60
Q

Recent research on the etiology and genetics of major psychological disorders is revealing that there may be

A

genetic overlap among disorders.

61
Q

Which type of therapy includes changing problematic responses and maladaptive habits?

A

Behavior therapy

62
Q

Which of the following mental health professionals require a medical degree?

A

Psychiatrist

63
Q

If a patient sought out treatment from a therapist who used traditional psychoanalysis, which of the following techniques might the therapist use?

A

Free association

64
Q

A feature that is more common in psychoanalytic therapy than in client-centered therapy is:

A

resistance.

65
Q

Which of the following features of psychodynamic therapies is most common in traditional psychoanalytic therapy?

A

Discussion of past experience

66
Q

If a patient begins relating to their therapist the same way they relate to their spouse, this would be an example of:

A

transference.

67
Q

Melody is frustrated by her phobia of snakes. What is the best method to help treat Melody’s phobia?

A

systematic desensitization

68
Q

Which of the following is a type of social skills training used in behavioral therapy that involves gradually being presented with more complex social situations?

A

Shaping

69
Q

What is the best description of a goal of cognitive therapy?

A

Correcting errors in habitual thinking

70
Q

Behavior therapies are not useful in treating which of the following?

A

Vague feelings such as discontent

71
Q

Which of the following is a potential negative effect related to taking traditional antipsychotic medications?

A

Tardive dyskinesia

72
Q

Which biomedical therapy is most often used to treat those suffering from symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and hyperactivity?

A

Antipsychotic drugs

73
Q

How are most antidepressant drugs believed to work to reduce symptoms of depression?

A

By slowing the reuptake of serotonin at synapses

74
Q

What is the most common disorder treated by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

A

Depression

75
Q

If a patient is having trouble with periods of mania followed by depression, what medication might a psychiatrist prescribe?

A

Lithium

76
Q

Which of the following side effects that result from electroconvulsive therapy can have a significant negative effect in some individuals?

A

Memory loss

77
Q

Which of the following would reduce the cultural competence of a therapist?

A

Decreasing cultural humility

78
Q

Joshua recently started seeing a therapist who uses multiple different approaches when providing therapy based on the needs of their clients. How would Joshua’s therapist’s approach be classified?

A

Eclectic

79
Q

Problems with increased homelessness of those suffering from mental health issues has been primarily the result of ‘revolving door’ issues associated with what process?

A

Deinstitutionalization

80
Q

Which of the following reasons that contributed to the movement to shut down institutions that hospitalized people to treat mental illness in an in-patient setting was associated with concerns over social support?

A

Patients were placed in facilities away from major population centers

Psych Final (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions