Ch 11 Flashcards
Where would a copper concentration mill tend to locate near, why?
near a copper mine because it is a bulk-reducing industry
Metal fabrication plants are an example of what?
a bulk-gaining industry because separate parts are combined to make more complex and massive products
Situation costs are critical to a firm that wishes to____
Minimize transport costs
Explain the process of assembly plant locations.
Bulk Reducing: closer to the raw materials
Bulk Gaining: closer to the market
Beer bottling is an example of what?
Bulk-gaining industry
Fabricated metal production is an example of what?
Bulk-gaining industry
Describe important factors of the bulk-gaining industry.
Bulk-gaining industries make products that weigh more after assembly than before assembly
A company that uses more than one ________ will often locate near break-of-bulk points.
Mode of transport
Deduce the lowest-cost form of transporting goods.
boat
________ is the shipment of manufacturing inputs in a manner that allows for production flexibility.
Just in time
Three types of disruptions can affect just-in-time delivery manufacturing:
Natural hazards, traffic, labor unrest
Explain why Containerization was developed.
To facilitate long-distance transport by ship before transferring to trucks and trains
An industry in which employee costs are a high percentage of expenses is what?
Labor-Intensive Industry
Explain Fracking.
(hydraulic fracturing) The pumping of water at high temperatures breaks apart rocks in order to release natural gas
Describe the process of Mexico’s maquiladora plants.
Taking advantage of law environmental enforcement, have an advantage of proximity to U.S. markets
Explain Mexico’s maquiladora plant locations.
Factories built by the U.S. companies in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the…
Total values of outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year
An example of a primary sector activity is…
Mining
Provide examples for each sector of the economy
Tertiary: Processing of computer information
Secondary: manufacturing
Primary: mining
Describe the secondary sector of the economy
Construction
Describe the primary sector of the economy
Sheepherding
People are more productive in more developed countries because they have access to more technology.
Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of literacy.
If a country has a large number of publishers and globally esteemed universities, you might summarise that the country is most like an MDC
Characteristics of more developed countries
Define HDI
A function of a standard of living, education, and health
The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is what?
Compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country
Empowerment refers to
The ability of women to achieve economic and political power
What did Geographer Derwent Whittlesey do?
He divided the world into 11 agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture), 6 of which were classified as found in MDCs and 5 as found in LDCs.
when farmers grow food crops to meet the needs of themselves and their families on smallholdings
Subsistence agriculture
found in isolated places in the world. The direction and frequency of hunger-gatherer migration depended on the movement of the plants.
hunting and gathering societies
Which type of agriculture is most commonly practiced by most people?
Intensive-subsistence agriculture
a way of life of peoples who do not live continually in the same place but move cyclically or periodically
Pastoral nomadism
Where are types of agriculture most commonly found?
Shifting cultivation (less developed countries) in humid low-latitude and a new site is designated every few years
(Intensive subsistence = dry climate)
Define key characteristics of intensive subsistence agriculture
Greater use of animal power
How could you increase crop yields?
Double cropping
What is the purpose of crop rotation?
Maintaining the fertility of fields
Describe the meaning of Sawah and Paddy
Wet-rice
Define key features of the term Truck farming
Truck means “battering” or “exchange of commodities”
Farms integrating into a large food production industry is known as what?
Agribusiness
________ model is used by geographers to explain the importance of proximity to the market in the choice of crops to the commercial farm.
von Thünen
Mixing crops and livestock is what?
A system where crops provide food for livestock and the livestock provide manure for crop fertilization
Explain the primary factor in von Thünen’s model
Market location
An area organized into an independent political unit is what?
state
What are the characteristics of a state?
A politically bound area controlled by an established government that has authority over its internal affairs and foreign policy
A state with control over its internal affairs has…
Sovereignty
Differentiate frontier and boundary
frontier is a zone where no state exercises complete political control and the boundary is an invisible line that marks the extent of a state’s territory
Cultural boundaries follow the distribution of cultural features.
Geometric boundaries are based on human constructs, such as straight lines.
Physical boundaries coincide with significant features of the natural landscape.
Features of types of boundaries
