Ch 10 Flashcards
the process of improving the conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology
Development
considers development in three factors: a decent standard of living, a long healthy life, and access to knowledge
HDI (Human Development Index)
the value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Primary: mining, fishing, and foresty
Secondary: industrial
Tertiary: retailing, banking, law, education, and government
All Sector Job Examples
Manufacturing
Encompasses the Secondary Sector
Labor/farming/agriculture or consists in exploiting natural resources
Primary Sector
The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy
Gross value
fabricate manufactured goods into consumer goods
Defenition of Secondary Sector
Money that leaves and enters the country
Per capita GDP is a poor indicator
The output of goods and services produced in a country in a year
Per capita GDP is a good indicator
Differences in the efficiency of production
Why productivity levels differ in more developed countries
Provisions of goods and services
More developed countries have higher rates when compared to less developed countries
Productivity
MDCs have more of that LDCs might not have as much
measures the gender gap in the level of achievement in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Empowerment refers to the ability of women to achieve improvements in their own status and dictates the percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature and the percentage of women who have completed some secondary school.
Why empowerment affects development
Traditional society has not started a process of development
Rostow’s development model, process development begins
not having access to safe nutritious food
food-insecure country
The production of food is primarily for consumption by the farmer’s family.
Subsistence Agriculture
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
The largest percentage of the world’s people practice this type of agriculture
a primitive subsistence activity, in which the herders rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools, and transport. … Herder along with their livestock move from one place to another depending upon the amount and quality of pastures and water.
Characteristics of Pastoral nomadism
intensive, cultivate (slash-and-burn), herd more than plant crops, hunt and gather
less developed countries agriculture
Crop rotation
most farmers in northeast China grow crops other than wet rice
An elaborate process that is time-consuming and done mostly by hand
farmers in South China increase crop yields
rotation by using different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil
Crop Rotation
A flooded field in Indonesian and the Malay word for wet rice.
Sawah and Paddy
when the region has a long growing season and humid climate, and it is accessible to a large number of consumers in the northeast United States.
Truck Farming
Farms that are integrated into a large food production industry
Agribusiness
The model used by geographers to explain the importance of proximity to the market in the choice of crops to the commercial farms
von Thünen’s model
Primary factor in von Thünen’s model
market location
Second Ring
Wood
Third ring
crops and pastureland
An area organized into an independent political unit
state
A state with control
sovereignty
the development of states in ancient times traced to a region of Southwest Asia
Fertile Crescent
The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves
self-determination
A territory tied to another state rather
colony
Imposes political control over another territory
colonialism
A zone where no state exercises complete political control vs. an invisible line that marks the extent of a state’s territory
Frontier vs. Boundary
The length (temporarily or permanently) of leaving
mobility
permanent move
Migration
the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants
net-in-migration
International migration: voluntary migration or forced migration
Internal migration: interregional migration or intraregional migration
movement/migration
within urban areas, from older cities to newer suburbs
types of intraregional migration in the world
permanent human settlement of area on Earth
ecumene
relatively few people live
high elevations
The number of people per unit area of arable land
physiological density
Suitable for Agriculture
Arable land
the art and science of map making
cartography
The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite, spacecraft, or a specially equipped high-altitude balloon
Remote sensing
A computer system that stores, organizes, retrieves, analyzes, and displays geographic data
GPS
the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole
scale
transferring locations from a globe to a flat map
projection
a location’s name on Earth
toponym
identify a place relative to another place
Situation
identify a place by its characteristics
Site
The frequency of something within a given unit of area
Density
The spread of something over a given study area
Concetration
A place from which an innovation originates
Hearth
