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AP Human Geography > Ch 10 > Flashcards

Ch 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

the process of improving the conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology

A

Development

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2
Q

considers development in three factors: a decent standard of living, a long healthy life, and access to knowledge

A

HDI (Human Development Index)

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3
Q

the value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year

A

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

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4
Q

Primary: mining, fishing, and foresty
Secondary: industrial
Tertiary: retailing, banking, law, education, and government

A

All Sector Job Examples

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5
Q

Manufacturing

A

Encompasses the Secondary Sector

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6
Q

Labor/farming/agriculture or consists in exploiting natural resources

A

Primary Sector

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7
Q

The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy

A

Gross value

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8
Q

fabricate manufactured goods into consumer goods

A

Defenition of Secondary Sector

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9
Q

Money that leaves and enters the country

A

Per capita GDP is a poor indicator

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10
Q

The output of goods and services produced in a country in a year

A

Per capita GDP is a good indicator

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11
Q

Differences in the efficiency of production

A

Why productivity levels differ in more developed countries

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12
Q

Provisions of goods and services

A

More developed countries have higher rates when compared to less developed countries

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13
Q

Productivity

A

MDCs have more of that LDCs might not have as much

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14
Q

measures the gender gap in the level of achievement in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market

A

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

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15
Q

Empowerment refers to the ability of women to achieve improvements in their own status and dictates the percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature and the percentage of women who have completed some secondary school.

A

Why empowerment affects development

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16
Q

Traditional society has not started a process of development

A

Rostow’s development model, process development begins

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17
Q

not having access to safe nutritious food

A

food-insecure country

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18
Q

The production of food is primarily for consumption by the farmer’s family.

A

Subsistence Agriculture

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19
Q

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

A

The largest percentage of the world’s people practice this type of agriculture

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20
Q

a primitive subsistence activity, in which the herders rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools, and transport. … Herder along with their livestock move from one place to another depending upon the amount and quality of pastures and water.

A

Characteristics of Pastoral nomadism

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21
Q

intensive, cultivate (slash-and-burn), herd more than plant crops, hunt and gather

A

less developed countries agriculture

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22
Q

Crop rotation

A

most farmers in northeast China grow crops other than wet rice

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23
Q

An elaborate process that is time-consuming and done mostly by hand

A

farmers in South China increase crop yields

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24
Q

rotation by using different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil

A

Crop Rotation

25
Q

A flooded field in Indonesian and the Malay word for wet rice.

A

Sawah and Paddy

26
Q

when the region has a long growing season and humid climate, and it is accessible to a large number of consumers in the northeast United States.

A

Truck Farming

27
Q

Farms that are integrated into a large food production industry

A

Agribusiness

28
Q

The model used by geographers to explain the importance of proximity to the market in the choice of crops to the commercial farms

A

von Thünen’s model

29
Q

Primary factor in von Thünen’s model

A

market location

30
Q

Second Ring

A

Wood

31
Q

Third ring

A

crops and pastureland

32
Q

An area organized into an independent political unit

A

state

33
Q

A state with control

A

sovereignty

34
Q

the development of states in ancient times traced to a region of Southwest Asia

A

Fertile Crescent

35
Q

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

A

self-determination

36
Q

A territory tied to another state rather

A

colony

37
Q

Imposes political control over another territory

A

colonialism

38
Q

A zone where no state exercises complete political control vs. an invisible line that marks the extent of a state’s territory

A

Frontier vs. Boundary

39
Q

The length (temporarily or permanently) of leaving

A

mobility

40
Q

permanent move

A

Migration

41
Q

the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants

A

net-in-migration

42
Q

International migration: voluntary migration or forced migration
Internal migration: interregional migration or intraregional migration

A

movement/migration

43
Q

within urban areas, from older cities to newer suburbs

A

types of intraregional migration in the world

44
Q

permanent human settlement of area on Earth

A

ecumene

45
Q

relatively few people live

A

high elevations

46
Q

The number of people per unit area of arable land

A

physiological density

47
Q

Suitable for Agriculture

A

Arable land

48
Q

the art and science of map making

A

cartography

49
Q

The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite, spacecraft, or a specially equipped high-altitude balloon

A

Remote sensing

50
Q

A computer system that stores, organizes, retrieves, analyzes, and displays geographic data

A

GPS

51
Q

the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole

A

scale

52
Q

transferring locations from a globe to a flat map

A

projection

53
Q

a location’s name on Earth

A

toponym

54
Q

identify a place relative to another place

A

Situation

55
Q

identify a place by its characteristics

A

Site

56
Q

The frequency of something within a given unit of area

A

Density

57
Q

The spread of something over a given study area

A

Concetration

58
Q

A place from which an innovation originates

A

Hearth

AP Human Geography (2 decks)

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