Ch. 10 - Vocab

Question 1

address space

Answer 1

set of ranges of virtual addresses that an operating system makes available to a process

Question 2

buffer

Answer 2

region of a physical memory storage used to temporarily store data while it is being moved from one place to another

Question 3

buffer overflow

Answer 3

where more input can be placed into a buffer than the capacity allocated, overwriting other information

Question 4

buffer overrun

Answer 4

also known as a buffer overflow

Question 5

guard page

Answer 5

gaps placed between ranges of address that are flagged in the MMU as illegal addresses

Question 6

heap

Answer 6

requested by programs for use in dynamic data structures, growing up from lower regions of memory

Question 7

heap overflow

Answer 7

overflow of the heap buffer

Question 8

library function

Answer 8

inbuilt functions which are grouped together and placed in a common place called library. Examples include: system and exit

Question 9

memory management unit

Answer 9

translates pages of virtual memory to frames in physical memory

Question 10

nonexecutable memory

Answer 10

memory that has the execution of code blocked

Question 11

no-execute

Answer 11

a bit flag that acts a tag for a page of memory to be nonexecutable

Question 12

NOP sled

Answer 12

a series of NOP instructions leading to the beginning of the shell code, allows some approximation of the shellcode’s location

Question 13

off-by-one

Answer 13

where one more byte can be copied that there is space

Question 14

position independent

Answer 14

cannot contain any absolute address referring to itself

Question 15

shell

Answer 15

command-line interpreter of the operating system, can run any available program

Question 16

shellcode

Answer 16

code that is transferred to during a buffer overflow attack, usually transferring control to the command-line interpreter

Question 17

stack frame

Answer 17

stores the
return address of a function
function parameters
the local variables

Question 18

stack buffer overflow

Answer 18

when the targeted buffer is located on the stack

Question 19

stack smashing

Answer 19

also known as a stack buffer overflow