CH 10: Respiration and Artificial Ventilation

Question 1

Respiratory failure is the result of

Answer 1

inadequate breathing, breathing that is insufficient to support life.

Question 2

A patient in respiratory failure or respiratory arrest must receive what?

Answer 2

artificial ventilations.

Question 3

alveolar ventilation

Answer 3

the amount of air that reaches the alveoli

Question 4

artificial ventilation (PPV)

Answer 4

forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing. Also called positive pressure ventilation.

Question 5

automatic transport ventilator (ATV)

Answer 5

a device that provides positive pressure ventilations. It includes settings designed to adjust ventilation rate and volume, is portable, and is easily carried on an ambulance.

Question 6

bag-valve mask (BVM)

Answer 6

a handheld device with a face mask and self-refilling bag that can be squeezed to provide artificial ventilations to a patient. It can deliver air from the atmosphere or oxygen from a supplemental oxygen-supply system.

Question 7

cellular respiration

Answer 7

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood.

Question 8

cyanosis

Answer 8

a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body.

Question 9

diffusion

Answer 9

a process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 10

flowmeter

Answer 10

a valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute.

Question 11

humidifier

Answer 11

a device connected to the flowmeter to add moisture to the dry oxygen coming from an oxygen cylinder.

Question 12

hypoxia

Answer 12

an insufficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues.

Question 13

nasal cannula

Answer 13

a device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the patient’s nostrils.

Question 14

nonrebreather (NRB)

Answer 14

mask a face mask–and–reservoir bag device that delivers high concentrations of oxygen. The patient’s exhaled air escapes through a valve and is not rebreathed.

Question 15

partial rebreather mask

Answer 15

a face mask and reservoir oxygen bag with no one-way valve to the reservoir bag, so some exhaled air mixes with the oxygen; used in some patients to help preserve carbon dioxide levels in the blood to stimulate breathing.

Question 16

pocket face mask a device,

Answer 16

usually with a one-way valve, to aid in artificial ventilation. A rescuer breathes through the valve when the mask is placed over the patient’s face. It also acts as a barrier to prevent contact with a patient’s breath or body fluids. It can be used with supplemental oxygen when fitted with an oxygen inlet.

Question 17

pressure regulator

Answer 17

a device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient.

Question 18

pressure regulator

Answer 18

a device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient

Question 19

pulmonary respiration

Answer 19

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

Question 20

respiration

Answer 20

the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood (pulmonary respiration) and between the blood and the cells (cellular respiration). Also used to mean, simply, breathing.

Question 21

respiratory arrest

Answer 21

when breathing completely stops.

Question 22

respiratory distress

Answer 22

increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath.

Question 23

respiratory failure

Answer 23

the reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life.

Question 24

stoma

Answer 24

a permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes.

Question 25

tracheostomy mask

Answer 25

a device designed to be placed over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental oxygen.

Question 26

ventilation

Answer 26

breathing in and out (inhalation and exhalation), or artificial provision of breaths.

Question 27

Venturi mask

Answer 27

a face mask–and–reservoir bag device that delivers specific concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with inhaled air.

Question 28

Describe the signs of respiratory distress.

Answer 28

a condition where breathing becomes labored and requires increased effort
you may see signs like rapid breathing, wheezing, anxiety, and chest retractions

Question 29

Describe the signs of respiratory failure

Answer 29

severe state where the lungs are unable to adequately provide oxygen to the body, resulting in inadequate oxygenation and ventilation

while in respiratory failure, symptoms can include bluish skin color (cyanosis), confusion, lethargy, slow breathing, and decreased responsiveness.

Question 30

nonrebreather use

Answer 30

A non-rebreather mask is used when someone needs high concentrations of oxygen but can still breathe on their own. This can be for emergency situations, such as:

Question 31

nasal cannula use

Answer 31

mild hypoxia

Question 32

BVM use

Answer 32

emergency situations when a patient is having trouble breathing, or when immediate intervention is needed to maintain oxygen levels (respiratory distress or failure)