CH 10: Respiration and Artificial Ventilation Flashcards
Respiratory failure is the result of
inadequate breathing, breathing that is insufficient to support life.
A patient in respiratory failure or respiratory arrest must receive what?
artificial ventilations.
alveolar ventilation
the amount of air that reaches the alveoli
artificial ventilation (PPV)
forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing. Also called positive pressure ventilation.
automatic transport ventilator (ATV)
a device that provides positive pressure ventilations. It includes settings designed to adjust ventilation rate and volume, is portable, and is easily carried on an ambulance.
bag-valve mask (BVM)
a handheld device with a face mask and self-refilling bag that can be squeezed to provide artificial ventilations to a patient. It can deliver air from the atmosphere or oxygen from a supplemental oxygen-supply system.
cellular respiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood.
cyanosis
a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body.
diffusion
a process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
flowmeter
a valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute.
humidifier
a device connected to the flowmeter to add moisture to the dry oxygen coming from an oxygen cylinder.
hypoxia
an insufficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues.
nasal cannula
a device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the patient’s nostrils.
nonrebreather (NRB)
mask a face mask–and–reservoir bag device that delivers high concentrations of oxygen. The patient’s exhaled air escapes through a valve and is not rebreathed.
partial rebreather mask
a face mask and reservoir oxygen bag with no one-way valve to the reservoir bag, so some exhaled air mixes with the oxygen; used in some patients to help preserve carbon dioxide levels in the blood to stimulate breathing.
pocket face mask a device,
usually with a one-way valve, to aid in artificial ventilation. A rescuer breathes through the valve when the mask is placed over the patient’s face. It also acts as a barrier to prevent contact with a patient’s breath or body fluids. It can be used with supplemental oxygen when fitted with an oxygen inlet.
pressure regulator
a device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient.
pressure regulator
a device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient
pulmonary respiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
respiration
the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood (pulmonary respiration) and between the blood and the cells (cellular respiration). Also used to mean, simply, breathing.
respiratory arrest
when breathing completely stops.
respiratory distress
increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath.
respiratory failure
the reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life.
stoma
a permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes.
tracheostomy mask
a device designed to be placed over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental oxygen.
ventilation
breathing in and out (inhalation and exhalation), or artificial provision of breaths.
Venturi mask
a face mask–and–reservoir bag device that delivers specific concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with inhaled air.
Describe the signs of respiratory distress.
a condition where breathing becomes labored and requires increased effort
you may see signs like rapid breathing, wheezing, anxiety, and chest retractions
Describe the signs of respiratory failure
severe state where the lungs are unable to adequately provide oxygen to the body, resulting in inadequate oxygenation and ventilation
while in respiratory failure, symptoms can include bluish skin color (cyanosis), confusion, lethargy, slow breathing, and decreased responsiveness.
nonrebreather use
A non-rebreather mask is used when someone needs high concentrations of oxygen but can still breathe on their own. This can be for emergency situations, such as:
nasal cannula use
mild hypoxia
BVM use
emergency situations when a patient is having trouble breathing, or when immediate intervention is needed to maintain oxygen levels (respiratory distress or failure)
