Ch. 10 Human development Flashcards
attachment styles wire the brain on …
how relationships work
anxious attachment is also known as
ambivalent
avoidant attachment is being …
emotionally not there
Erik Erickson work on the psycho__ theory
psychoSOCIAL
Erickson had _ stages of development
8
Erickson said , Personality is how you deal with …
Crisis
Humans have how many sets of chromosomes ?
23
The Fetal stage last from …
2 months to birth
The average time for a baby to sit up without support is …
5 - 7 1/2 months
How do babies become attached to their moms? Behaviorists said attachment happened because moms fed the babies, and the babies connected the good feelings of being fed to the person who fed them. To test this, HARLOW raised monkeys with two types of artificial mothers and found that when frightened by a strange-looking toy placed inside their cage, infant monkeys went to the artificial mother that
was made of Cloth.
One-year-old Tommy is extremely distressed whenever his mother leaves him, yet resists her attempts to comfort him and rages at her when she returns. Tommy probably has __________ with his mother.
an anxious attatchment
Typically infants with ____ attachments exhibit little, if any, distress when their mothers leave the room.
avoidant
According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, the first stage of development (birth to one year) is a period when the infant develops the basic characteristic of
trust vs mistrust
Charlie Brown is an elementary school kid who is always trying to kick a football held by his classmate Lucy; however, he never seems to succeed. According to Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory, based on Charlie’s age range, if he keeps on “not succeeding” in things like this, you can predict he will most likely develop the basic characteristic of
inferiority
Lily is 85 years old and she has recently begun writing her life story. As she thinks back over all that she has done, she comes to the conclusion that her life has had no real meaning or purpose. Based on Erikson’s theory, Lily may be expressing …
feelings of despair and bitterness
The order of Pigaet’s Four stages of development is …
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Piaget described four stages of cognitive development. When we talk about those children who lack object permanence, in which of Piaget’s stages might we be correct with the old expression “Out of sight is out of mind?”
sensorimotor
Piaget believed that children first become capable of hypothetical thinking during the
Formal operational stage
Ten-year-old Sherry watches as you flatten one of two equal-sized balls of clay into a pancake. Sherry says they both still have the same amount of clay, demonstrating that she understands
Conservation
If Lawrence Kohlberg were to present you with a moral dilemma, in which of the following would he be most interested?
Your reason for whatever moral judgement you had about the situation
In the 1960s, even though most his friends tried recreational drugs, Sebastian refused to experiment with drugs. His reason was that using the drugs was against the law, and he believes each person has an obligation to obey society’s rules. Sebastian’s reasons for not experimenting with drugs reflect
Conventional moral reasoning
Brain scans show that the part of the brain called the prefrontal cortex is not done growing and maturing until a person reaches the age of about 25 years old. The immaturity of the prefrontal cortex has been used to explain
why adolescents engage in risky behavior like reckless driving, and unprotected sex.
Below are three true statements and one false one about identity and adolescence. Pick the false statement.
Question options:
Erikson believed the main challenge of adolescence is the struggle to form a clear sense of identity, to answer questions such as “Who am I?” and “Where am I going in life?”
Recent research suggests that people tend to reach identity achievement at later ages than Erikson originally envisioned.
Researcher James Marcia came up with 4 different categories of identity status: diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium and achievement.
The search for identity rarely extends past adolescence into young adulthood.
The search for identity rarely extends past adolescence into young adulthood.
Below are several true statements about “emerging adults” between the ages of 18 and 25. There is also a false statement. Pick the false statement.
Question options:
These people often struggle with identity issues such as “Who am I?” and “Where am I going in life?”
These people tend to be so overwhelmed with so many duties, commitments and social obligations that they don’t have any time or freedom to explore new options.
These people tend to have a pretty decent level of optimism about their own personal futures.
These people tend to be really self-focused.
These people typically don’t feel like adolescents anymore, but they don’t quite see themselves as adults either.
These people tend to be so overwhelmed with so many duties, commitments and social obligations that they don’t have any time or freedom to explore new options.
Below are several true statements about marriage and children. There is also a false statement. Pick the false statement.
Question options:
In the 1970s about 10% of couples lived together before marriage.
In 2010 the average age for marriage for males was about 28 years old.
Parents exhibit higher marital satisfaction than comparable couples without children.
Mothers of infants report the steepest decline in marital satisfaction.
In 2010 the average age for marriage for females was about 26 years old.
By the 1990s about 60% of couples lived together before marriage.
In the 1970s about 10% of couples lived together before marriage.
Below are several true statements about aging in the elderly. There is also a false statement. Pick the false statement.
Question options:
When elderly people are asked how old they feel, they mostly report feeling quite a bit younger than they actually are.
Dementia and senility are part of the normal aging process that everyone will eventually experience.
Many studies indicate that speed in learning, solving problems and processing information tends to decline with age.
The amount of brain tissue (the neurons) and the brain’s weight actually start to gradually decline in late adulthood (like after age 60).
Studies have found that participation in leisure activities (such as reading, writing, working crossword puzzles and playing board games) is associated with a reduced decline in memory functioning.
Dementia and senility are part of the normal aging process that everyone will eventually experience.
Below are 5 true statements about basic human genetics that we covered in the class lecture vids. There is also a false statement. Pick the false statement.
Question options:
Every person’s DNA code is made up of the same four chemicals (chemicals whose first letters are A, T, C & G) although in each person the chemicals are arranged in a slightly different order.
A gene is a short segment of DNA.
A person’s DNA is split up into 46 bundles called chromosomes.
A human gets half of their DNA code from their mom and half of their DNA code from their dad.
Identical twins have 100% identical DNA codes.
Humans have 24 pairs of chromosomes.
Humans have 24 pairs of chromosomes.
Below are 5 true statements about prenatal development. There is also a false statement. Pick the false statement.
Question options:
Examples of environmental factors (teratogens) that can get into the mother and can then affect the developing baby include tobacco smoke, alcohol, German measles, chickenpox, and even chemicals used in flame-retardant clothing.
The first phase of prenatal development is somewhat precarious and includes the first two weeks after conception during which the fertilized egg may implant in the uterine wall and grow or, if it doesn’t implant, may leave the body naturally during the next menstrual cycle.
The embryonic stage is a period of great vulnerability and…if anything, like a teratogen, interferes during this time, the effects on the developing organism can be devastating.
During the fetal stage, the heart, spine and brain (as well as structures such as arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers, toes, eyes and ears) begin to form.
If the mother drinks while pregnant, fetal alcohol syndrome can leave that mother’s child with facial abnormalities, a slightly smaller head, IQ deficits, and even a tendency toward impulsive, anti-social and delinquent behavior.
Prenatal development is divided into three phases, the germinal stage, the embryonic stage and the fetal stage.
During the fetal stage, the heart, spine and brain (as well as structures such as arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers, toes, eyes and ears) begin to form.
Below are four true statements about the wondrous years of early childhood. There is also a false statement. Pick the false statement.
Question options:
According to figure 10.1 (Milestones in Motor Development) the average age (median age) for a normal baby to sit up without support is at about 4 months old, though some babies do so as early as 2 months or as late as 7 months.
According to figure 10.1 (Milestones in Motor Development) all normal babies tend to lift their heads, before they can roll themselves over, before they can sit without support, before they can stand well alone, before they can walk up steps.
According to figure 10.1 the average age (median age) for a normal baby to walk well on their own is about 12 months, though some babies do so as early as just after they turn 11 months and others do so as late as about 14.5 months.
Motor development refers to the progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities.
Developmental norms indicate the typical age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities.
According to figure 10.1 (Milestones in Motor Development) the average age (median age) for a normal baby to sit up without support is at about 4 months old, though some babies do so as early as 2 months or as late as 7 months.
