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CH 10 Developmental Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

is the scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life

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2
Q

Zygote

A

fertilized egg cell

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3
Q

Embryo

A

Baby in womb

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4
Q

Teratogen

A

An agent, such as a virus, a drug, or radiation, that causes malformation of an embryo or fetus.

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5
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

a condition marked by stunted growth of the head and body; malformations of the face, heart, and ears; and nervous system damage, including seizures, hyperactivity, learning disabilities, and mental reatrdation

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6
Q

Rooting Reflex

A

reflex consisting of head-turning and sucking movements elicited in a normal infant by gently stroking the side of the mouth or cheek

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7
Q

Maturation

A

the development of ova and spermatozoa from precursor cells in the ovary and testis, involving meiosis

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8
Q

Habituation

A

decrease in person’s response to a stimulus after it has been presented repeatedly

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9
Q

Piaget’s Sensorimotor

A

infant’s behavior is limited to making simple motor responses to sensory stimuli;learning through putting stuff in mouth– 1st stage (0-2 yrs)

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10
Q

Piaget’s Preoperational

A

Children lack operations –> No concept of conservation or object permanence– 2nd stage (2-7)

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11
Q

Piaget’s Concrete Operational

A

Object Permanence and Conservation but not abstract

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12
Q

Piaget’s Formal Operational

A

Children ability to deal with abstract situations which demand logical, deductive reasoning

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13
Q

Schema

A

organized way of interacting in the world based on what you already know

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14
Q

Assimilation

A

Old schema to new objects

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15
Q

Accomodation

A

Modifying past experiences

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16
Q

Equilibration

A

Ability to use both 1 & 2 to make meaning of all new experiences

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17
Q

Object Performance

A

Ability to know something exists even when you can’t see it

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18
Q

Conservation

A

Ability to tell volume of objects in parts to a whole

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19
Q

Egocentrism

A

Inability to take the perspective of another person; a tendency to view world as centered around oneself

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20
Q

Stranger Anxiety

A

distress that children experience when exposed to people unfamiliar to them

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21
Q

Attachment

A

Long-term feeling of closeness between people, such as child and caregiver

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22
Q

Self Concept

A

an idea of the self constructed from the beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others.

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23
Q

Adolescence

A

12-15

Identity vs Role Confusion

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24
Q

Puberty

A

process of physical changes by which a child’s body matures into an adult body

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25
Primary Sex Characteristics
Sex organs
26
Secondary Sex Characteristics
product of sexual selection for traits which give an individual an advantage over its rivals in courtship and aggressive interactions
27
Kohlber's Moral: Preconventional
0-6 yrs Morality by authority Will do whatever will get them rewarded
28
Kohlber's Moral: Conventional
7-11 yrs | Expectation of others drive decisions on right and wrong. What society expects
29
Kohlber's Moral: Postconventional
Doing what is right because it is the "right" thing to do despite a chance of personal loss
30
Identity
person's conception and expression of their individuality or group affiliation
31
Menopause
the period of permanent cessation of menstruation, usually occurring between the ages of 45 and 55.
32
Life Expectancy
How long someone will live
33
Alzheimer's Disease
common form of dementia, believed to be caused by changes in the brain, usually beginning in late middle age, characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability, and progressive loss of mental ability.
34
"Social Clock"
cultural specific timetable for events to occur. Events include marriage, having children, etc. For example, in some cultures it is expected that people be married in their teens. This is an example of a social clock - in that cutlture they have an accepted timetable for when events are to occur.
35
"Biological Clock"
An internal mechanism in organisms that controls the periodicity of various functions or activities, such as metabolic changes, sleep cycles, or photosynthesis.
36
Thanatology
The study of death and dying, especially in their psychological and social aspects.
37
Identical vs. Fraternal Twins
One egg vs 2 eggs same time
38
Sex Linked Genes
Gene located on X chromosome
39
Heritability
estimate of the variance within a population that is due to heredity
40
PKU
Inherited disorder in which a person lacks the chemical reactions that convert a nutrient called Phenylalanine into other chemicals; unless the diet is carefully controlled, the affected person will become mentally retarded
41
Moral Dilemmas
Problem that pits one moral value against another
42
Issues with Identity: Crisis
Adolescent's concern with decisions about the future and the quest for self-understanding
43
Issues with Identity: Diffusion
those who have not yet given any serious thought to making any decisions and who in fact have no clear sense of identity
44
Issues with Identity: Foreclosure
seriously considering the issues but have not yet made any decisions
45
Issues with Identity: Achievement
outcome of having explored various possible identities and then making one's own decisions
46
Terror Management Theory
Proposal that we cope with our fear of death by avoiding thinking about death and by affirming a worldview that provides self-esteem, hope, and value in life
47
Parenting Styles: Authoritative
Demanding and impose firm controls, but who are also warm and responsive to the child's communications
48
Parenting Styles: Authoritarian
Those who exert firm controls on their children, generally without explaining reasons for rules and without providing warmth
49
Parenting Styles: Premissive
Warm and loving but undemanding
50
Parenting Styles: Indifferent
Pay little attention to children beyond doing what is necessary to feed and shelter them
51
Acculturation
transition from feeling part of the culture of one's country to the culture of the country that one enters
52
Biculturalism
Ability to alternate between membership in one culture and membership in another
53
Nature vs. Nurture
Born with vs Learned
54
Conception and Gestation: Nutrition
Mom eats for herself and baby, if not may hace underweight baby
55
Conception and Gestation: Drug
If mom takes drugs, it will affect the baby or may have fetal alcohol sydrome
56
Conception and Gestation: Illness influences
a
57
Gilligan's stages of Moral Development
Criticized Kohlberg Moral decisions differ by gender Girls- higher level of morality earlier than boys
58
Levels of intimacy as people mature
They have sex
59
Cognitive Changes as people age
Think of job and family, place in society
60
Sex and Gender socialization as people mature
a
61
Freud's stages of psychological development
``` Oral 0-18 mths Anal 18-36 mths Phallic 3-6 yrs Latency 6- Puberty Genital Puberty- Death ```
62
Mary Ainsworth
STRANGER SITUATION | emotional attachment with the Strange situation design, as well as her work in the development of attachment theory
63
Albert Bandura
psychologist who is the David Starr Jordan Professor Emeritus of Social Science in Psychology at Stanford University
64
Erik Erickson
developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings. He may be most famous for coining the phrase identity crisis
65
Harry Harlow
MONKEYS maternal-separation, dependency needs, and social isolation experiments on rhesus monkeys, which demonstrated the importance of care-giving and companionship in social and cognitive development.
66
Konrad Lorenz
Working with geese, he rediscovered the principle of imprinting (originally described by Douglas Spalding in the 19th century) in the behavior of nidifugous birds. In later life, his interest shifted to the study of humans in society.
67
Lev Vygotsky
founder of a theory of human cultural and biosocial development commonly referred to as cultural-historical psychology, and leader of the Vygotsky Circle. Challenge student just enough

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