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AP Psych > CH 10 Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

CH 10 Developmental Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

is the scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life

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2
Q

Zygote

A

fertilized egg cell

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3
Q

Embryo

A

Baby in womb

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4
Q

Teratogen

A

An agent, such as a virus, a drug, or radiation, that causes malformation of an embryo or fetus.

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5
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

a condition marked by stunted growth of the head and body; malformations of the face, heart, and ears; and nervous system damage, including seizures, hyperactivity, learning disabilities, and mental reatrdation

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6
Q

Rooting Reflex

A

reflex consisting of head-turning and sucking movements elicited in a normal infant by gently stroking the side of the mouth or cheek

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7
Q

Maturation

A

the development of ova and spermatozoa from precursor cells in the ovary and testis, involving meiosis

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8
Q

Habituation

A

decrease in person’s response to a stimulus after it has been presented repeatedly

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9
Q

Piaget’s Sensorimotor

A

infant’s behavior is limited to making simple motor responses to sensory stimuli;learning through putting stuff in mouth– 1st stage (0-2 yrs)

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10
Q

Piaget’s Preoperational

A

Children lack operations –> No concept of conservation or object permanence– 2nd stage (2-7)

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11
Q

Piaget’s Concrete Operational

A

Object Permanence and Conservation but not abstract

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12
Q

Piaget’s Formal Operational

A

Children ability to deal with abstract situations which demand logical, deductive reasoning

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13
Q

Schema

A

organized way of interacting in the world based on what you already know

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14
Q

Assimilation

A

Old schema to new objects

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15
Q

Accomodation

A

Modifying past experiences

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16
Q

Equilibration

A

Ability to use both 1 & 2 to make meaning of all new experiences

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17
Q

Object Performance

A

Ability to know something exists even when you can’t see it

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18
Q

Conservation

A

Ability to tell volume of objects in parts to a whole

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19
Q

Egocentrism

A

Inability to take the perspective of another person; a tendency to view world as centered around oneself

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20
Q

Stranger Anxiety

A

distress that children experience when exposed to people unfamiliar to them

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21
Q

Attachment

A

Long-term feeling of closeness between people, such as child and caregiver

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22
Q

Self Concept

A

an idea of the self constructed from the beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others.

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23
Q

Adolescence

A

12-15

Identity vs Role Confusion

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24
Q

Puberty

A

process of physical changes by which a child’s body matures into an adult body

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25
Q

Primary Sex Characteristics

A

Sex organs

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26
Q

Secondary Sex Characteristics

A

product of sexual selection for traits which give an individual an advantage over its rivals in courtship and aggressive interactions

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27
Q

Kohlber’s Moral: Preconventional

A

0-6 yrs
Morality by authority
Will do whatever will get them rewarded

28
Q

Kohlber’s Moral: Conventional

A

7-11 yrs

Expectation of others drive decisions on right and wrong. What society expects

29
Q

Kohlber’s Moral: Postconventional

A

Doing what is right because it is the “right” thing to do despite a chance of personal loss

30
Q

Identity

A

person’s conception and expression of their individuality or group affiliation

31
Q

Menopause

A

the period of permanent cessation of menstruation, usually occurring between the ages of 45 and 55.

32
Q

Life Expectancy

A

How long someone will live

33
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

common form of dementia, believed to be caused by changes in the brain, usually beginning in late middle age, characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability, and progressive loss of mental ability.

34
Q

“Social Clock”

A

cultural specific timetable for events to occur. Events include marriage, having children, etc. For example, in some cultures it is expected that people be married in their teens. This is an example of a social clock - in that cutlture they have an accepted timetable for when events are to occur.

35
Q

“Biological Clock”

A

An internal mechanism in organisms that controls the periodicity of various functions or activities, such as metabolic changes, sleep cycles, or photosynthesis.

36
Q

Thanatology

A

The study of death and dying, especially in their psychological and social aspects.

37
Q

Identical vs. Fraternal Twins

A

One egg vs 2 eggs same time

38
Q

Sex Linked Genes

A

Gene located on X chromosome

39
Q

Heritability

A

estimate of the variance within a population that is due to heredity

40
Q

PKU

A

Inherited disorder in which a person lacks the chemical reactions that convert a nutrient called Phenylalanine into other chemicals; unless the diet is carefully controlled, the affected person will become mentally retarded

41
Q

Moral Dilemmas

A

Problem that pits one moral value against another

42
Q

Issues with Identity: Crisis

A

Adolescent’s concern with decisions about the future and the quest for self-understanding

43
Q

Issues with Identity: Diffusion

A

those who have not yet given any serious thought to making any decisions and who in fact have no clear sense of identity

44
Q

Issues with Identity: Foreclosure

A

seriously considering the issues but have not yet made any decisions

45
Q

Issues with Identity: Achievement

A

outcome of having explored various possible identities and then making one’s own decisions

46
Q

Terror Management Theory

A

Proposal that we cope with our fear of death by avoiding thinking about death and by affirming a worldview that provides self-esteem, hope, and value in life

47
Q

Parenting Styles: Authoritative

A

Demanding and impose firm controls, but who are also warm and responsive to the child’s communications

48
Q

Parenting Styles: Authoritarian

A

Those who exert firm controls on their children, generally without explaining reasons for rules and without providing warmth

49
Q

Parenting Styles: Premissive

A

Warm and loving but undemanding

50
Q

Parenting Styles: Indifferent

A

Pay little attention to children beyond doing what is necessary to feed and shelter them

51
Q

Acculturation

A

transition from feeling part of the culture of one’s country to the culture of the country that one enters

52
Q

Biculturalism

A

Ability to alternate between membership in one culture and membership in another

53
Q

Nature vs. Nurture

A

Born with vs Learned

54
Q

Conception and Gestation: Nutrition

A

Mom eats for herself and baby, if not may hace underweight baby

55
Q

Conception and Gestation: Drug

A

If mom takes drugs, it will affect the baby or may have fetal alcohol sydrome

56
Q

Conception and Gestation: Illness influences

A

a

57
Q

Gilligan’s stages of Moral Development

A

Criticized Kohlberg
Moral decisions differ by gender
Girls- higher level of morality earlier than boys

58
Q

Levels of intimacy as people mature

A

They have sex

59
Q

Cognitive Changes as people age

A

Think of job and family, place in society

60
Q

Sex and Gender socialization as people mature

A

a

61
Q

Freud’s stages of psychological development

A 
Oral 0-18 mths
Anal 18-36 mths
Phallic 3-6 yrs
Latency 6- Puberty
Genital Puberty- Death
62
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

STRANGER SITUATION

emotional attachment with the Strange situation design, as well as her work in the development of attachment theory

63
Q

Albert Bandura

A

psychologist who is the David Starr Jordan Professor Emeritus of Social Science in Psychology at Stanford University

64
Q

Erik Erickson

A

developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings. He may be most famous for coining the phrase identity crisis

65
Q

Harry Harlow

A

MONKEYS
maternal-separation, dependency needs, and social isolation experiments on rhesus monkeys, which demonstrated the importance of care-giving and companionship in social and cognitive development.

66
Q

Konrad Lorenz

A

Working with geese, he rediscovered the principle of imprinting (originally described by Douglas Spalding in the 19th century) in the behavior of nidifugous birds. In later life, his interest shifted to the study of humans in society.

67
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

founder of a theory of human cultural and biosocial development commonly referred to as cultural-historical psychology, and leader of the Vygotsky Circle.
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