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Oral Pathology Test 2 > ch. 10 > Flashcards

ch. 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of HPV causes Squamous papilloma most often?

A

6

11

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2
Q

What is a squamous papilloma?

A

stratified squamous epithelium proliferates (bump), benign

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3
Q

What does squamous papilloma look like?

A

Cauliflower (white, stalk)

Pedunculated (head is wider than the base)

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4
Q

What’s the differential diagnosis for squamous papilloma?

A

Verruca Vulgaris
Condyoloma acuminata
Verruciform Xanthoma

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5
Q

What is verruca vulgaris? What color? Is it contagious?

A

common wart
white (cause of hyper keratin)
contagious

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6
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for verruca vulgaris?

A

same as squamous papilloma

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7
Q

What is a condyloma acuminatum? how is it transmitted?

A 
HPV wart (6,11)
sexual contact
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8
Q

What’s the difference in papilloma vs condyloma?

A

Papilloma: smaller, lots of projections
Condyloma: bigger, more cobblestone looking, not many projections

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9
Q

What risk do anogenital Condyloma acuminatum have?

A

possible the hpv16,18 can become squamous cell carcinoma

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10
Q

What is HECK’s disease?

A

multifocal epithelial hyperplasia

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11
Q

What causes Heck’s disease (multifocal epithelial hyperplasia)?

A

HPV 13, 32

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12
Q

If condyloma acuminatum appears in a child what should you suspect?

A

Sexual abuse

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13
Q

What’s a sinonasal papilloma?

A

a goober lesion in the nose

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14
Q

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

DNA Poxvirus

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15
Q

What’s the other name for molluscum bodies?

A

Henderson paterson bodies

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16
Q

What do molluscum cont. look like? remission?

A

smooth, skin colored papules, 9 month remission

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17
Q

What’s another thing verruciform xanthoma looks like?

A

squamous papilloma

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18
Q

What is seborrheic keratosis?

A

extra oral benign proliferation of epidermal basal cells (looks like big brown moles)

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19
Q

What is Dermatosis papulosa nigra?

A

a form of seborrheic keratosis in Africans (Morgan Freeman)

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20
Q

What is Leser-Trelat sign?

A

a type of Seborrheic keratosis, 100’s of them show up because of underlying malignancy in the body

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21
Q

What is a freckle called?

A

Ephelis

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22
Q

What does UV light do to ephelis?

A

darkens the lesion

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23
Q

What does UV light do to Actinic lentigo?

A

Doesn’t darken it.

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24
Q

What causes Actinic lentigo?

A

Chronic UV exposure, brown macule

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25
Q

Where is actinic lentigo common?

A

hands, head, arms

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26
Q

What is lentigo simplex?

A

increase in melanocytes, unknown cause, UV light doesn’t affect

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27
Q

What is melasma associated with?

A

Pregnant, UV light exposure

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28
Q

What does melasma look like?

A

symmetrical hyperpigmentation of the face, UV light affects it.

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29
Q

What is a oral melanotic macule?

A

Brown asymptomatic macule in the mouth (freckle in the mouth)

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30
Q

Where’s the most common site of oral melanotic macule? what’s it called?

A

Lips

Labial melanotic macule

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31
Q

What does an oral melanotic macule look similar to?

A

Early melanoma

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32
Q

What is an oral melanoacanthoma?

A

Acquired pigmentation on buccal mucosa, most in african american, because of birth control common and traumatic injury.
Rapidly growing

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33
Q

What is worriesome about oral melanoacanthoma?

A

It grows rapidly like melanoma

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34
Q

What’s an acquired melanocytic nevus?

A

AKA Mole

benign localized proliferation of cells from the neural crest

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35
Q

What’s the most common all adult benign tumors?

A

acquired melanocytic nevus

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36
Q

What’s a congenital melanocytic nevus?

A

Birthmark mole

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37
Q

What is common in giant hairy nevus?

A

Hypertrichosis

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38
Q

What is a halo nevus?

A

Melanocytic nevus surrounded by hypopigmentation

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39
Q

Why do you see blue color in Blue nevus?

A

Tyndall effect (absorption of light wavelengths)

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40
Q

What is a blue nevus? size? shape

A

palatal benign proliferation of melanocytes

small symetrical

41
Q

Where is blue nevus common?

A

palate

42
Q

What is leukoplakia? (know this word for word)

A

Intraoral white plaque that does not rub off and cannot be identified as any well known entity

43
Q

What is leukoplakia indicative of?!!!!! know this

A

pre-malignant lesion

44
Q

How often is leukoplakia pre cancerous? how often is it just hyperkeratosis?

A

20%

80%

45
Q

White lesions that rub off?

A 
Materia alba
White coated tongue (plaque coated)
Candidiasis
Burn
Sloughing from tongue
46
Q

How many leukoplakia patients smoke?

A

80%

47
Q

What are the order for chance of cancer? least to greatest chance plakia’s???????????????????????

A

Leukoplakia
Erythroleukoplakia
Erythoplakia
PVL

48
Q

What percentage of oral precancer starts as leukoplakia?

A

85%

49
Q

What are the etiologies of leukoplakia?

A 
Tobacco
Alcohol
Sanguinaria
UV radiation
Microorganisms
Trauma
50
Q

What is Sanguinaria and what can it cause?

A

Herbal extract in toothpaste and mouthwash

Leukoplakia in maxillary vestibule

51
Q

If leukoplakia is found on the lower lip vermillion what likely caused it ?

A

UV radiation

52
Q

What is proliferative verrucous leukoplakia?

A

A special high risk form of leukoplakia

53
Q

What does proliferative verrucous leukoplakia look like?

A

multiple keratotic plaques with roughened surface projections

54
Q

How many leukoplakias actually become Squamous cell carcinoma?

A

5% (becuase we catch it early)

55
Q

What is erythroplakia?

A

Red patch that cannot be diagnosed as any other condition

56
Q

Are erythroplakia’s benign?

A

No

57
Q

What three areas get erythroplakia?

A

Floor of mouth
Ventral Tongue
Soft Palate

58
Q

What does erythroplakia look like?

A

Red, well demarcated macule

59
Q

How often is a biopsy necessary for erythroplakia?

A

All the time

60
Q

How often is a biopsy necessary for erythroleukoplakia?

A

All the time

61
Q

What does smokeless tobacco keratosis look like?

A

White leukoplakia, edematous white tissue where they place the tobacco, wrinkled skin.

62
Q

If the smokeless tobacco keratosis doesn’t disappear in 6 weeks after quitting what should you do?

A

Biopsy it

63
Q

What is oral submucous fibrosis?

A

Chronic, progressive, scarring, high-risk precancer because of Quid

64
Q

What happens with Oral submucous fibrosis?

A

The elasticity of the mucosa disappears and they can’t open their mouth.

65
Q

How many smokeless tobacco users get cancer?

A

1%

66
Q

How many Quid users (oral submucous fibrosis) get cancer?

A

10%

67
Q

What is nicotine stomatitis?

A

White keratotic change on the palate due to heat, numerous papules, looks like roughened palate

68
Q

How much more likely are “reverse smokers” to get cancer?

A

15 times more likely

69
Q

How long does nicotine stomatitis last if they quit smoking?

A

2 weeks

70
Q

What is actinic keratosis? how common in white adults?

A

Scaly plaque cutaneous premalignant lesion from UV

50% of white adults

71
Q

How many actinic keratosis progress to SCC (squamous cell carcinoma)? How long?

A

10% in two years

72
Q

What is actinic cheilosis?

A

Same as the actinic keratosis but on the lip

73
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

A

squamous cells in the mucosa that become malignant

74
Q

What percent of oral cancer is SCC?

A

95%

75
Q

SCC tobacco what to know?

A

2packs per day: 5 X’s the risk

4 packs per day: 17 X’s the risk

76
Q

SCC alcohol what to know?

Iron deficiency what to know?

A

1/3 of patients are heavy drinkers

Iron deficiency: Plummer Vinson syndrome

77
Q

What areas (1-4) have most common SCC?

A
  1. Posterior lateral ventral tongue
  2. Floor of mouth
  3. Soft palate
  4. Gingiva
78
Q

How does SCC spread metastatically?

A

Through the lymphatics (ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes)

79
Q

What does TNM stand for?

A

size of TUMOR
involved lymph NODES
distant METASTASIS

80
Q

Is clinical staging (TMN) a better prognostic indicator than histology?

A

YES

81
Q

What is field cancerization?

A

the tendency to develop multiple mucosal cancers after having one already

82
Q

What is verrucous carcinoma?

A

aka Snuff dippers cancer (mandibular usually)

White thick plaqure, well demarcated.

83
Q

What to know about nasopharyngeal carcinoma causes?

What does it look like?

A 
Ebstein barr virus
Vit C deficiency
Eating salt fish with N-nitro
Tobacco
(Huge swollen lymph nodes)
84
Q

What to know about basal cell carcinoma?

A

Most common of all cancer

UV exposure as a child is worse.

85
Q

What does basal cell carcinoma look like?

A

Ulcerated bump on the skin

superficial capillary

86
Q

What’s the cure rate for Basal cell carcinoma?

A

98%

87
Q

What is melanoma? What is a risk factor?

A

Malignant neoplasm of melonocyte origin

From intense UV sunburns

88
Q

How common are deaths from Melanoma vs other cancer?

A

Melanoma is most likely to kill you

89
Q

What is radical vs vertical cancer spreading?

A

Radical: spreads out flattly
Vertical: spreads down (becomes a tumor)

90
Q

What is the ABCDE system for knowing the clinical features of melanoma?

A 
Asymetry
Border irregularity
Color variation (darker is worse)
Diameter (bigger than 6mm)
Evolving lesions
91
Q

What are the areas associated with worse prognosis of Melanoma?

A

BANS (back, arms, neck, scalp)

92
Q

What’s the difference in Hecks disease and condyloma accuminata? Looks similar

A

Hecks: had it since childhood
Condyloma: sexually acquired later

93
Q

What does verrucous carcinoma look like?

A

Cauliflower

94
Q

What is actinic cheilosis indicative of? does it need a biopsy

A

Pre-cancer

Needs a biopsy

95
Q

What does squamous cell carcinoma look like?

A

Irregular, ugly, non healing ulcer

96
Q

What two cancers are found in the mouth?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Melanoma

97
Q

What head and neck cancer is very rare in the mouth?

A

Melanoma

98
Q

What does a primary herpetic infection look like?

A

Herpetic lesions all over the mouth

Oral Pathology Test 2 (10 decks)

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