Ch. 10 Flashcards

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0
Q

In Freud’s theory, the _______________ represents all the ideas, thoughts and feelings of which we are not and normally cannot become aware.

A

Unconscious

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1
Q

An individual’s unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persists over time and across situations is known as _______________.

A

Personality

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2
Q

According to Freud, the _______________ is the energy generated by sexual instinct.

A

Libido

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3
Q

In Freud’s theory of personality, the _______________ is the collection of unconscious urges and desires that continually seek expression.

A

Id

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4
Q

Freud argued that the id operates according to the _______________ _______________, and therefore it seeks immediate gratification of an instinct.

A

Pleasure Principle

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5
Q

The part of the personality in Freud’s theory that mediates between environmental demands, conscience, and instinctual needs is the _______________.

A

Ego

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6
Q

Freud argued that the way in which the ego seeks to satisfy instinctual demands safely and effectively in the real world is in accordance with the _______________ _______________.

A

Reality principle

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7
Q

The ______________ is the part of the personality that acts as a moral center; it represents the social and parental standards that the individual has internalized.

A

Superego

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8
Q

The _______________ _______________ is the part of the superego that consists of standards of what one would like to be.

A

Ego ideal

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9
Q

A _______________ results when the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage.

A

Fixation

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10
Q

According to Freud, the _______________ stage is the first stage of psychosexual development, occurring in the first year of life, in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict.

A

Oral

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11
Q

According to Freud, the _______________ stage is the second stage of personality development, occurring from about 1 to 3 years of age, in which the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict.

A

Anal

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12
Q

The third Freudian stage, occurring from about 3 to 6 years of age, in which the child discovers sexual or erotic feelings is known as the _______________ stage.

A

Phallic

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13
Q

A child’s sexual attachment to the parent of the opposite sex and jealousy toward the parent of the same sex are characteristics of the _______________ complex (for boys) and _______________ complex (for girls).

A

Oedipal; Electra

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14
Q

The fourth Freudian stage, occurring during the school years, in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways is known as the _______________ stage.

A

Latency

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15
Q

The final stage of personality development according to Freud is known as the _______________ stage, and sexual feelings reawaken and are satisfied in various ways within mature, sexual relationships.

A

Genital

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16
Q

Jung’s name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud is called the _______________ _______________; it contains the individual’s repressed thoughts, forgotten experiences, and undeveloped ideas.

A

Personal unconscious

17
Q

The _______________ _______________ is Jung’s name for the memories shared by all members of the human species.

A

Collective unconscious

18
Q

Jung’s collective, universal human memories were called _______________.

A

Archetypes

19
Q

The _______________ is, according to Jung, our public self – the mask we wear to represent ourselves to others.

A

Persona

20
Q

_______________ are people who usually focus on social life and the external world instead of on their internal experience, according to Jung.

A

Extraverts

21
Q

Alfred Adler believed that personality developed from individuals’ efforts to overcome feelings of inferiority. Those who became too fixated on their feelings of inferiority developed what Adler called an _______________ _______________.

A

Inferiority complex

22
Q

Any personality theory that asserts the fundamental goodness of people and their striving toward higher levels of functioning can be called a _______________ personality theory.

A

Humanistic

23
Q

The striving to fulfill one’s biological potential and capabilities is what Rogers called the _______________ _______________.

A

Actualizing tendency

24
Q

The drive of human beings to fulfill their self-concepts or the images they have of themselves is what Rogers called the __________-_______________ _______________.

A

Self-Actualizing tendency

25
Q

A _______________ _______________ _______________ is a person whose self-concept closely resembles his or her inborn capacities or potentials.

A

Fully functioning person

26
Q

_______________ _______________ _______________ is full acceptance and love of another person regardless of his or her behavior.

A

Unconditional positive regard

27
Q

_______________ _______________ are dimensions or characteristics on which people differ in distinctive ways.

A

Personality traits

28
Q

Trait theorists have relied on a statistical procedure known as _______________ _______________ to identify groups of related constructs that comprise what they identify as traits.

A

Factor analysis

29
Q

The “_______________ _______________,” also known as the five-factor model, refers to five traits or basic dimensions currently considered to be of central importance in describing personality.

A

Big five

30
Q

Albert Bandura’s approach to personality emphasizes _______________ – what a person anticipates in a situation or as a result of behaving in certain ways.

A

Expectancies

31
Q

Bandura believed that people used _______________ _______________ to rate the adequacy of their own behavior in a variety of situations

A

Performance standards

32
Q

__________-_______________ is a person’s perception (or expectancy) of how effective a behavior will be in any particular circumstance.

A

Self-efficiency

33
Q

According to Rotter, _______________ _____ _______________ is an expectancy about whether reinforcement is under internal or external control.

A

Locus of control

34
Q

Psychologists are using _______________ _______________ to measure personality characteristics when they use tests that are administered and scored in a standard way.

A

Objective tests

35
Q

The _______________ is an objective personality test designed to assess the Big Five personality traits.

A

NEO-PI-R

36
Q

The _______________ _______________ Personality Inventory is the most widely-used objective personality test; it was originally intended for psychiatric diagnosis.

A

Minnesota Multiphasic

37
Q

Psychologists who use tests that consist of ambiguous or unstructured materials to assess personality are using _______________ _______________.

A

Projective tests

38
Q

The _______________ _______________ is a projective test composed of ambiguous inkblots.

A

Rorschach test

39
Q

The _______________ _______________ Test is a method of personality assessment composed of ambiguous pictures about which a person is asked to write a complete story

A

Thematic apperception