Ch 10 Flashcards
what’s homeostasis
structural features, behavioural responses and physiological mechanisms that aid organisms to maintain a relatively constant internal state
what are 5 different receptors
chemoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
photoreceptors
thermoreceptors
pain receptors
Periferal nervous system
all other neurons – responsible for transmitting information to and from the CNS
central nervous system
brain & spinal cord – responsible for processing, storing & coordinating information
somatic vs autonomic sustem
somatic is responsible for voluntary responses like skeletal muscle movement while autonomic is responsible for involuntary movement like cardiac and smooth muscle
what does the endocrine system do
responds to stimuli slowly by controlling hormones
what doest h body do when blood glucose levels rise rapidly above the optimal level
removes glucose from the blood & converts it to glycogen
when does an organism go into a state of physiological stress
if homeostasis fails & the level of something, eg) pH, becomes too high, the organism can fall into this state
what are 3 methods to maintain homeostasis
Metabolic Activity
Physiological Processes
Structure & Behaviour
metabolism
the sum of chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life
what are 4 methods of energy transfer
conduction – the transfer of heat energy from a hotter object to a cooler object by direct contact
convection – transfers heat when hot air rises & is replaced by cooler air or water
evaporation – when water or sweat turns to vapour, cooling the skin
radiation – when heat is transferred from an object by infra-red waves
what are physical adaptions to keeping cool
vasodilation
sweating
what are physical adaptions to keeping warm
fathers and fur
vasoconstriction
shivering
piloerrection
countercurrent heat exchange
aestivation
seasonal dormancy in dry conditions
what would happen if water concentration wasn’t regulated
drop in blood pressure
toxic wastes aren’t excreted efficiently
enzymes don’t function
dehydration
collapse of shoot system (in plants)
