ch 10 Flashcards
The repeating sequence of growth and division through which cells pass each generation.
Cell Cycle
Complete set of DNA, containing chromosomes
Genome
Any of the cells of a multicellular organism except those that are destined to form gametes (germ-line cells).
Somatic Cells
A haploid reproductive cell.
Gametes
Used by bacteria to produce new cells
Cell division
The complex of DNA and proteins of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed; chromatin is highly uncoiled and diffuse in interphase nuclei, condensing to form the visible chromosomes in prophase.
chromatin
The vehicle by which hereditary information is physically transmitted from one generation to the next; in a bacterium, the chromosome consists of a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes, each chromosome consists of a single linear DNA molecule and associated proteins.
Chromosomes
One of two identical copies of each chromosome, still linked at the centromere, produced as the chromosomes duplicate for mitotic division; similarly, one of two identical copies of each homologous chromosome present in a tetrad at meiosis.
Sister Chromatid
(1) Refers to similar structures that have the same evolutionary origin. (2) Refers to a pair of the same kind of chromosome in a diploid cell.
Homogolous
Middle of the chromosome, where the kinetochore is found.
Centromere
Mitosis and cytokinesis
M Phase
The period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions in which a cell grows and its DNA replicates; includes G1, S, and G2 phases.
Interphase
Somatic cell division; nuclear division in which the duplicated chromosomes separate to form two genetically identical daughter nuclei.
Mitosis
Division of the cytoplasm of a cell after nuclear division.
Cytokinesis
Microtubule organizing centers
Centrosome
The assembly that carries out the separation of chromosomes during cell division; composed of microtubules (spindle fibers) and assembled during prophase at the equator of the dividing cell.
mitotic spindle
Cohesion proteins that hold two chromatids together.
Kinetochore
Having two sets of chromosomes (2n); in animals, twice the number characteristic of gametes; in plants, the chromosome number characteristic of the sporophyte generation; in contrast to haploid (n).
Diploid
Having only one set of chromosomes (n), in contrast to diploid (2n).
Haploid
Made up of the g1, g2, and spindle checkpoint, they ensure whether proper conditions have been achieved in the cell cycle.
Checkpoint
Any of a number of proteins that are produced in synchrony with the cell cycle and combine with certain protein kinases, the cyclin-dependent kinases, at certain points during cell division.
Cyclin
A Cdk enzyme active at the G2/M checkpoint
M-Phase Promoting Factor (MPF)
Any of a group of protein kinase enzymes that control progress through the cell cycle. These enzymes are only active when complexed with cyclin. The cdc2 protein, produced by the cdc2 gene, was the first Cdk enzyme discovered.
CDK (cyclin dependent kinases)
A protein complex that triggers anaphase; it initiates a series of reactions that ultimately degrades cohesin, the protein complex that holds the sister chromatids together. The sister chromatids are then released and move toward opposite poles in the cell.
Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC/C)
