ch 10

Question 1

All of the following are true statements about reflexes except:
a) reflex circuits contain both excitatory and inhibitory neurons
b) reflexes are involuntary
c) reflexes are not learned behaviors
d) reflex circuits can have multiple effectors
e) the strength of a reflex can change with different stimuli

Answer 1

c) reflexes are not learned behaviors

Question 2

Which of the following reflexes is the most rapid?
a) vestibulocollic reflex
b) eye blink reflex
c) leg withdrawal reflex
d) vestibulo-ocular reflex
e) crossed extensor reflex

Answer 2

b) eye blink reflex

Question 3

When you experience a leg withdrawal reflex when you step on a sharp object excitatory/
inhibitory (circle one) signals stimulate motor neurons synapsing on the quadriceps and
excitatory/ inhibitory (circle one) signals stimulate motor neurons synapsing on the hamstrings.

Answer 3

inhibitory, excitatory

Question 4

The main reflex pathway that underlies the ability to walk is the
a) quadriceps stretch reflex
b) leg withdrawal reflex
c) vestibulocollic reflex
d) crossed extensor reflex
e) all of the above

Answer 4

a) quadriceps stretch to reflex

Question 5

What is the minimum number of neurons necessary for a stretch reflex?
a) 2: one sensory neuron and one motor neuron
b) 3: one sensory neuron, one interneuron, and one motor neuron
c) 4: one sensory neuron, one inhibitory neuron, and 2 motor neurons
d) 5: 2 sensory neurons, one inhibitory neurons, and 2 motor neurons
e) The number of neurons in the stretch reflex depends on the strength of the stimulus.

Answer 5

c) 4: one sensory, one inhibitory, & 2 motor

Question 6

In the vestibulo-ocular reflex, the eyes move in the __________direction as the head.

Answer 6

oppposite

Question 7

Match each reflex with it’s appropriate function: (a) optocollic reflex, (b) vestibulo-ocular
reflex, (c) vestibulocollic reflex, (d) quadriceps stretch reflex, (e) leg withdrawal reflex, (f)
crossed extensor reflex, (g) optokinetic reflex, (h) eye blink reflex.

Answer 7

C) stabilization of the head as the rest of the body turns left to right
A) stabilization of the head backward as the body moves forward
G) prevention of retinal slip by rapid left to right or up and down movements of the eyes
B) stabilization of the eyes with turning or tilting of the head
F) stabilization of a leg when the other leg is lifted off the ground
E) rapid bending at the knee when your foot experiences a sharp stimulus
D) activation of the quadriceps muscles when your knee bends when walking
H) prevents irritants from entering the eye and spreads tears

Question 8

The rhythmic patterns of neural activity that are created by the molecular activity of single
cells or interactions of multiple neurons are called _______________.

Answer 8

central pattern generators

Question 9

In order for a CPG to utilize a half-center oscillator it must contain a minimum of
__________ set(s) of inhibitory neurons that response to (a) ________ excitatory input(s).
a) two, single
b) two, double
c) one, single
d) one, double

Answer 9

a) two, single

Question 10

What animal is utilized in the greatest numbers in laboratory research?
a) mice
b) birds
c) monkeys
d) rats
e) fish

Answer 10

a) mice

Question 11

All of the following are part of the motor cortex in primates, except
a) primary motor cortex (M1)
b) premotor cortex
c) supplementary motor area (SMA)
d) corpus callosum

Answer 11

d) corpus callosum

Question 12

Which of the following is a true statement about the projections of the motor cortex?
a) all projections of the motor cortex synapse on motor neurons controlling voluntary
movement
b) projections of the motor cortex directly to the spinal cord control vegetative processes
c) projections of the motor cortex are necessary for the ability to talk
d) projections of the motor cortex all synapse on interneurons
e) all of the above

Answer 12

c) projections of motor cortex are necessary for ability to talk

Question 13

Which of the following might be symptoms of a lesion to the right motor cortex?
a) loss of movement of the left leg
b) loss of movement of the right leg
c) loss of movement of the head and trunk
d) complete loss of bladder control
e) all of the above

Answer 13

a) loss of movement of left leg

Question 14

Motor control and movement is dependent upon activity of which of the following
structures and reflexes?
a) deep cerebellar nuclei
b) premotor cortex
c) spinal reflexes
d) vestibular reflexes
e) all of the above

Answer 14

e) all of the above