CH. 10

Question 1

The scientific study of mental disorders and their treatment.

Answer 1

Abnormal Psychology

Question 2

Disorders that share features of excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disturbances, such as avoidance behaviors.

Answer 2

Anxiety Disorders

Question 3

A marked, irrational, and persistent fear of one or more social performance situations in which embarrassment may occur and in which there is exposure to unfamiliar people or scrutiny by others.

Answer 3

Social Anxiety Disorder

Question 4

The fear of being in places or situations from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing.

Answer 4

Agoraphobia

Question 5

A condition in which a person experiences recurrent panic attacks, or sudden onsets of intense fear.

Answer 5

Panic Disorder

Question 6

A disorder in which a person has excessive, global anxiety that he cannot control, occurring more days than not for at least 6 months.

Answer 6

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Question 7

A persistent intrusive thought, idea, impulse, or image that causes anxiety.

Answer 7

Obsessive

Question 8

A repetitive and rigid behavior that a person feels compelled to perform in order to reduce anxiety.

Answer 8

Compulsion

Question 9

Involve the presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood,
accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that significantly affect the individual’s
capacity to function.

Answer 9

Depressive Disorders

Question 10

An emotional roller coaster, with the person’s mood swinging from manic highs to depressive lows.

Answer 10

Bipolar Disorder

Question 11

A period of at least a week of abnormally elevated mood in which the person experiences such symptoms as inflated self-esteem with grandiose delusions, a decreased need for sleep, constant talking, distractibility, restlessness, and poor judgment.

Answer 11

Manic Episode

Question 12

A disorder characterized by a loss of contact with reality.

Answer 12

Psychotic Disorder

Question 13

Mental functions become split from one another and the person becomes detached from reality. The person has trouble distinguishing reality from his own distorted view of the world.

Answer 13

Schizophrenia

Question 14

Characterized by inflexible, long-standing personality traits that lead to behavior that deviates from cultural norms and results in distress or impairment.

Answer 14

Personality Disorders

Question 15

Involves the use of biological interventions, such as drugs, to treat disorders.

Answer 15

Biomedical Therapies

Question 16

A long-term-use side effect of traditional antipsychotic drugs in which the patient has uncontrollable facial tics, grimaces, and other involuntary movements of the lips, jaw, and tongue.

Answer 16

Tardive Dyskinesia

Question 17

The destruction of specific areas in the brain.

Answer 17

Psychosurgery

Question 18

The neuronal connections of the frontal lobes to lower areas in the brain are severed.

Answer 18

Lobotomy

Question 19

Psychotherapy involves the use of psychological interventions to treat disorders.

Answer 19

Psychotherapies

Question 20

A style of psychotherapy in which the therapist helps the person gain insight into the unconscious sources of his or her problems. (originally developed by Sigmund Freud)

Answer 20

Psychoanalysis

Question 21

The patient spontaneously describes, without editing, all thoughts, feelings, or images that come to mind.

Answer 21

Free Association

Question 22

A patient’s unwillingness to discuss particular topics.

Answer 22

Resistance

Question 23

When the patient acts toward the therapist as she did or does toward important figures in her life, such as her parents.

Answer 23

Transference

Question 24

A style of psychotherapy in which the therapist uses
unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy to help the person to gain
insight into his true self-concept.

Answer 24

Client-centered Therapy

Question 25

A style of psychotherapy in which the therapist uses the principles of classical and operant conditioning to change the person’s behavior from maladaptive
to adaptive.

Answer 25

Behavioral Therapy

Question 26

A counterconditioning procedure in which a fear response to an object or situation is replaced with a relaxation response in a series of progressively increasing fear-arousing steps.

Answer 26

Systematic Desensitization

Question 27

An environment in which desired behaviors are reinforced with tokens (secondary reinforcers) that can be exchanged for rewards such as candy and television privileges.

Answer 27

Token Economy

Question 28

A style of psychotherapy in which the therapist changes the person’s thinking from maladaptive to adaptive.

Answer 28

Cognitive Therapy

Question 29

When the therapist directly confronts and challenges the patient’s unrealistic thoughts and beliefs to show that they are irrational.

Answer 29

Ellis’ Rational-Emotive Therapy

Question 30

Occurs when a person gets better with the passage of time without receiving any therapy.

Answer 30

Spontaneous Remission