CH. 10 Flashcards
The scientific study of mental disorders and their treatment.
Abnormal Psychology
Disorders that share features of excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disturbances, such as avoidance behaviors.
Anxiety Disorders
A marked, irrational, and persistent fear of one or more social performance situations in which embarrassment may occur and in which there is exposure to unfamiliar people or scrutiny by others.
Social Anxiety Disorder
The fear of being in places or situations from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing.
Agoraphobia
A condition in which a person experiences recurrent panic attacks, or sudden onsets of intense fear.
Panic Disorder
A disorder in which a person has excessive, global anxiety that he cannot control, occurring more days than not for at least 6 months.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
A persistent intrusive thought, idea, impulse, or image that causes anxiety.
Obsessive
A repetitive and rigid behavior that a person feels compelled to perform in order to reduce anxiety.
Compulsion
Involve the presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood,
accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that significantly affect the individual’s
capacity to function.
Depressive Disorders
An emotional roller coaster, with the person’s mood swinging from manic highs to depressive lows.
Bipolar Disorder
A period of at least a week of abnormally elevated mood in which the person experiences such symptoms as inflated self-esteem with grandiose delusions, a decreased need for sleep, constant talking, distractibility, restlessness, and poor judgment.
Manic Episode
A disorder characterized by a loss of contact with reality.
Psychotic Disorder
Mental functions become split from one another and the person becomes detached from reality. The person has trouble distinguishing reality from his own distorted view of the world.
Schizophrenia
Characterized by inflexible, long-standing personality traits that lead to behavior that deviates from cultural norms and results in distress or impairment.
Personality Disorders
Involves the use of biological interventions, such as drugs, to treat disorders.
Biomedical Therapies
A long-term-use side effect of traditional antipsychotic drugs in which the patient has uncontrollable facial tics, grimaces, and other involuntary movements of the lips, jaw, and tongue.
Tardive Dyskinesia
The destruction of specific areas in the brain.
Psychosurgery
The neuronal connections of the frontal lobes to lower areas in the brain are severed.
Lobotomy
Psychotherapy involves the use of psychological interventions to treat disorders.
Psychotherapies
A style of psychotherapy in which the therapist helps the person gain insight into the unconscious sources of his or her problems. (originally developed by Sigmund Freud)
Psychoanalysis
The patient spontaneously describes, without editing, all thoughts, feelings, or images that come to mind.
Free Association
A patient’s unwillingness to discuss particular topics.
Resistance
When the patient acts toward the therapist as she did or does toward important figures in her life, such as her parents.
Transference
A style of psychotherapy in which the therapist uses
unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy to help the person to gain
insight into his true self-concept.
Client-centered Therapy
A style of psychotherapy in which the therapist uses the principles of classical and operant conditioning to change the person’s behavior from maladaptive
to adaptive.
Behavioral Therapy
A counterconditioning procedure in which a fear response to an object or situation is replaced with a relaxation response in a series of progressively increasing fear-arousing steps.
Systematic Desensitization
An environment in which desired behaviors are reinforced with tokens (secondary reinforcers) that can be exchanged for rewards such as candy and television privileges.
Token Economy
A style of psychotherapy in which the therapist changes the person’s thinking from maladaptive to adaptive.
Cognitive Therapy
When the therapist directly confronts and challenges the patient’s unrealistic thoughts and beliefs to show that they are irrational.
Ellis’ Rational-Emotive Therapy
Occurs when a person gets better with the passage of time without receiving any therapy.
Spontaneous Remission
