CH 10 Flashcards
Define Intelligence.
Individual differences in the ability to acquire knowledge, to think and reason effectively, and deal adaptively with the environment.
Name two scientists, who played seminal roles in the study and measurement of mental skills.
Sir Francis Galton and Alfred Binet.
As the result of Binet’s mental skills measurement, what is “mental age”?
The mental level at which a child is performing as determined by a “standardized interview” in which the child response to a series of questions.
What is the psychometric approach?
The study of the statistical properties of psychological tests; the psychometric approach to intelligence focuses on the number and nature of abilities that define intelligence
What is factor analysis?
A statistical technique that permits, a researcher to reduce a large number of measures to a small number of clusters or factors; it identifies the clusters of behaviour or test scores that are highly correlated with one another.
What is Spearman’s g factor?
General intelligence, a component of intellectual performance
What are Thurstone’s primary mental abilities?
Spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, verbal meaning, memory, verbal fluency, and indicative reasoning; defined on the basis of his factor analysis of intelligence test items
What is Crystallized Intelligence?
A subtype of general intelligence; intellectual abilities that depend on a store of information and the acquisition of particular skills
What is fluid intelligence?
Subtype of general intelligence; the ability to deal with novel problem-solving situations for which personal experience does not supply a solution.
What is the three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities?
Theory that supports three levels of mental skills— general, broad, and narrow— arranged in a hierarchal model
What are cognitive process theories?
Approaches to intelligence that analyze the mental processes that underlie intelligent thinking.
What is Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence?
Distinguishes between analytical, practical and creative forms of mental abilities
What are metacomponents?
Higher-order processes used to plan and regulate task performance
What are performance components?
The actual mental processes used to perform a task
What are knowledge-acquisition components?
They allow us to learn from our experience, store information in memory, and combine new insights with previously acquired information.